Cardiac Murmurs and Contracting Atria Quiz

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Where is the heart located in the body?

Below the diaphragm in the abdominal cavity

Inferior to the liver and superior to the stomach

Between the lungs in the mediastinum (correct)

Superior and lateral to the lungs

Which statement about the heart's size is most accurate?

It grows in size with increased physical activity

It is approximately the size of a fist (correct)

It is always larger in athletes

It is smaller than the average person's fist

What is the function of the pericardium in relation to the heart?

Assists in pumping blood through the body

Separates the heart from surrounding structures (correct)

Aids in oxygen exchange within the heart

Regulates heart rate and rhythm

Which statement accurately describes blood flow in arteries and veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood back to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is true about cardiac hypertrophy?

Aerobic athletes are more likely to experience it Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the different chambers of the heart?

Septa Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

CO = SV * HR Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for decreasing heart rate?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the target heart rate range for aerobic exercise?

120-160 BPM Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with an increase in heart rate?

Thyroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cardiac output as heart rate increases to high levels?

It decreases due to lack of filling time. Signup and view all the answers

Which ions contribute to an increase in heart rate and contractility?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of norepinephrine in the context of heart function?

Increases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

How does caffeine affect heart rate?

Increases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What does S7 refer to when both S3 and S4 are heard?

A combination of S3 and S4 sounds Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the developing heart forms first at about 3 weeks after fertilization?

Cardiogenic cords Signup and view all the answers

What factor has the quickest and greatest effect on changing blood pressure?

Vessel diameter Signup and view all the answers

Which area experiences the most noticeable slowdown of blood flow according to the text?

Artery to arteriole junction Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released if blood volume drops to signal the kidneys to reabsorb water and maintain fluid volume and blood pressure?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of epinephrine in terms of blood pressure regulation?

Increase heart rate and force of contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which signaling mechanism regulates local blood flow by opening or closing precapillary sphincters based on chemical signals?

Autoregulation of Perfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Angiotensin 2 in the context of blood pressure regulation?

Increase vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Which component helps regulate vascular homeostasis through control of vascular tone in tunica media?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the changes that can occur if a person gains weight, according to the text?

+2000 - 4000 miles of vessels gained Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Baroreceptor reflexes in regulating blood pressure?

Monitoring stretch in vessels and sending signals to medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

Which substance increases thirst and releases aldosterone to raise blood pressure?

Angiotensin 2 Signup and view all the answers

Where are the papillary muscles located in the heart?

In the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the semilunar valves in the heart?

Prevent backflow from arteries into ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Which element is responsible for causing the action potential (electrical current) in cardiac muscle cells?

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

What defines the T wave on an electrocardiogram (EKG)?

Ventricular repolarization Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart establishes the cardiac rhythm?

SA node Signup and view all the answers

What does an isovolumic contraction refer to in the cardiac cycle?

Ventricular contraction without blood ejection Signup and view all the answers

'Lub' sound in heart auscultation corresponds to:

"S1" sound Signup and view all the answers

'Dub' sound in heart auscultation corresponds to:

"S2" sound Signup and view all the answers

In what sequence does electrical conduction occur through conducting fibers in the heart?

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Perkinje fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the tunica externa in blood vessels?

Collagenous fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of capillary is most common and forms part of the blood-brain barrier?

Continuous capillary Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of precapillary sphincters in the circulatory system?

Regulate blood flow into capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What does a pulse rate indicate about cardiovascular health?

Heart rate and rhythm Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the expansion and contraction of arteries due to ventricular contraction?

Pulsation Signup and view all the answers

In the circulatory system, what leads to ischemia if prolonged below 60 mm Hg?

Low Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Signup and view all the answers