Cardiac Measurement Quiz

Clinical Measurement of Cardiac Parameters

• Blood pressure in the arterial system peaks in systole and falls to its lowest in diastole, measured with a blood pressure cuff or sphygmomanometer.
• Factors affecting blood pressure include left ventricular stroke volume, aorta and large artery distensibility, peripheral vascular resistance, and volume of blood in the arterial system.
• The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures is known as pulse pressure.
• Jugular venous pressure (JVP) reflects right atrial pressure and can be estimated from the right internal jugular vein, with pulsations transmitted to the surface of the neck.
• JVP falls with blood loss or decreased venous vascular tone and increases with heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid stenosis, AV dissociation, and pericardial compression.
• JVP measurement involves finding the highest point of oscillation in the internal jugular vein or the point above which the external jugular vein appears collapsed.
• Blood pressure levels fluctuate throughout the day due to physical activity, emotional state, pain, noise, environmental temperature, and use of substances.
• To measure blood pressure, the cuff should be centered over the brachial artery, inflated 30 mm Hg above the point where the pulse disappears, and deflated to listen for Korotkoff sounds marking systolic and diastolic pressure.
• Heart rate can be measured by palpating the radial pulse or auscultating the apical pulse.
• EKG waveform includes P, QRS, and T waves.
• Blood pressure recordings are influenced by arm level, with lower levels resulting in higher readings.
• Heart level is usually at the fourth intercostal space at the sternum for measuring blood pressure.

Test your knowledge of clinical measurement of cardiac parameters with this quiz. Explore topics such as blood pressure measurement, jugular venous pressure, EKG waveforms, and factors affecting blood pressure. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals.