Clinical Measurement of Joint Motion

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an action potential in nerve fibers?

To establish a resting potential

To create selective permeability

To actively move ions across the membrane

To transmit an impulse over the nerve fiber (correct)

What are the two main factors that contribute to potential difference across a cell membrane?

Ion channels and inactive state

Selective permeability and actively moving ions (correct)

Resting and action potentials

Membrane thickness and voltage-gated channels

What is the typical resting potential that nerve and muscle cells need to maintain?

-70 to -80 mV

-90 to -100 mV

-40 to -50 mV

-60 to -90 mV (correct)

What occurs during a muscle impulse?

It transmits an action potential over a muscle fiber. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is sensitive to electrochemical changes and can produce movement?

Nervous and muscular tissue Signup and view all the answers

How does modifying the position of resistance in side leg raises affect the exercise?

It alters the mechanical advantage and difficulty of the exercise. Signup and view all the answers

What role does torque play in motion during exercise?

Torque is essential in joint movements where force is applied. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence the amount of torque generated at a joint?

The position of resistance and moment arm length. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a strong kick with your foot, what generates more torque?

Kicking from a greater distance from the pivot point. Signup and view all the answers

How can therapeutic exercises increase the challenge in terms of torque?

By extending the moment arm used in the exercise. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Joint Receptors in maintaining a constant state of readiness?

Emit action potentials as a resting output Signup and view all the answers

What does propriception encompass?

Sensory input from muscle spindles and receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Golgi Tendon Organs?

They are sensitive to force but not to muscle length changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motion is referred to as Kinesthesia?

Conscious perception of body movement Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily involved in postural tone?

Constant tension maintained by muscle spindles Signup and view all the answers

What happens to muscle tension as the elbow approaches and passes 90º of flexion?

Tension decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when tissue failure occurs?

The continuity of the tissue is lost Signup and view all the answers

What mechanical factor compensates for the weakness caused by active insufficiency?

Mechanical leverage changes Signup and view all the answers

At what angle is the length-tension factor of the biceps brachii muscle most favorable?

Full extension Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the functional excursion of a muscle?

Passive excursion Signup and view all the answers

What occurs immediately before tissue ruptures entirely?

A give in the tissue structure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the muscle's leverage as it approaches 90º of flexion?

Leverage increases to maximum Signup and view all the answers

What defines the failure range in tissue mechanics?

Increased stress on tissue Signup and view all the answers

What does ROM stand for in the context of joint motion?

Range of Motion Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most important for reliable comparison of joint motion?

Measuring the uninvolved extremity segment Signup and view all the answers

What are abnormal/pathological end feels characterized by?

Placement in the ROM different from expected Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes open-packed position?

Joints have minimal surface contact Signup and view all the answers

In a closed kinematic chain, which statement accurately describes its mechanics?

Movement at one end affects the entire chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a closed kinematic chain during functional activities?

It provides greater power and strength Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is an example of an open kinematic chain?

Kicking a ball Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'tight capsule & ligament tension' imply in relation to joint positions?

Results in reduced range of motion Signup and view all the answers

Why is it useful to refer to standardized ROM values?

To recognize individual variations in joint movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the sensation experienced at the end of a joint's ROM?

Resistance to further motion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joint Motion Measurement

Gonia, angle, and metron are crucial for measuring joint motion, both actively and passively.
Standardized range of motion (ROM) values serve as references, but individual norms are essential for accurate comparisons.
Measuring the contralateral extremity offers insights into an individual's typical motion range.

End-Feels in Joint Motion

End-feels describe sensations and resistance encountered at the end of a joint's ROM during passive stretching.
Abnormal end-feels appear at unexpected points in ROM or deviate from typical joint characteristics.

Kinematic Chains

Kinematic chains consist of interconnected joints and segments, allowing coordinated movement.
Open Kinematic Chain (OKC): One end fixed, allowing distal movement without affecting proximal segments; contributes to quicker motions.
Closed Kinematic Chain (CKC): Both ends fixed, requiring movement at one end to affect the whole chain, promoting strength and stability.

Exercise Design and Torque

Lever systems determine the intensity and difficulty of exercises; adjusting resistance can alter mechanical advantages.
Closer weight placement to the foot increases torque in movements, enhancing kicking strength.

Importance of Torque

Torque is vital in joint movement, exemplified by quadriceps generating force at the knee during leg extensions.
Therapeutic exercises can increase challenge through extended moment arms, enhancing strength and muscle engagement.

Physiology of Excitable Tissue

Nervous and muscular tissues have excitable membranes that respond to electrochemical changes, enabling movement.
Action Potentials (AP): Nerve impulses transmit signals that prompt muscle contractions.

Nerve Fiber and Motor Control

Joint receptors and motor units play a role in maintaining muscle tone and postural readiness.
Kinesthesia and position sense help the body gauge the position and movement of its parts.

Proprioception and Sensory Feedback

Proprioception uses sensory input to assess joint position and movement, integrating feedback from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs.
Golgi tendon organs sense force and tension changes, aiding in the prevention of muscle tears.

Motor Control and Functional Movement

Effective motor control involves coordinated actions between the musculoskeletal system and sensory feedback.
Tissue strength diminishes over time, making it vital to monitor the load and stress during activities to prevent injury.

Factors Influencing Muscle Strength

Passive and active excursion impact muscle strength during joint movement.
Muscle length-tension interactions change throughout joint ROM; optimal tension varies based on joint angle, especially around 90º of flexion.
Leverage adjustments occur naturally to adapt to changes in muscle strength during movement.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the clinical measurement of joint motion using gonia, angle, and metron methods. It emphasizes the importance of standardized range of motion (ROM) values in conjunction with individual variations in body types for accurate evaluation. Understanding these principles is crucial for healthcare professionals in assessing patients' joint function.