Cardiac Disorders Part 2: Valvular Defects Objectives
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of valvular stenosis?

  • Valve fails to close completely
  • Valve narrows and can't open fully (correct)
  • Valve leaflets become enlarged and floppy
  • Valve cusps fuse together
  • In which type of valvular defect does blood regurgitate or leak backward?

  • Valvular stenosis
  • Inflammation in the heart
  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • Valvular incompetence/prolapse (correct)
  • What is the major complication associated with Mitral Valve Stenosis?

  • Thrombus formation (correct)
  • Congestive Heart Failure
  • Poor Circulation
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • How does the left atrium respond in Mitral Valve Stenosis?

    <p>It dilates and hypertrophies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for issues like Mitral Valve Stenosis?

    <p>Surgical replacement of the valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes valvular incompetence?

    <p>Failure of valve to close completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is most commonly affected by hypertension according to the text?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment approach for essential hypertension as per the text?

    <p>Reducing sodium intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypertension is described as uncontrollable, severe, and rapidly progressive in the text?

    <p>Malignant hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of early-stage hypertension mentioned in the text?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is used to measure the size of limbs and blood volume in organs or tissues as per the text?

    <p>Plethysmography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site for atherosclerosis, a type of peripheral vascular disease, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Abdominal aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of pericarditis?

    <p>Chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of fibrous tissue formation in chronic pericarditis?

    <p>Reduced cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from inflammation or infection spreading from adjacent structures in pericarditis?

    <p>Pleurisy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age group is prehypertension most likely to occur?

    <p>Young adults in their 20s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average survival time after diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?

    <p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important indicator for left ventricle resistance and workload in hypertension?

    <p>Diastolic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common term for essential hypertension that is of unknown cause?

    <p>Idiopathic hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the thickening of the walls of pulmonary arteries in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?

    <p>Scarred tissue on the inner walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common example of Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension?

    <p>Pulmonary Venous Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension typically made?

    <p>By exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension is mentioned to be prone to blood clots?

    <p>Ventilation-Perfusion Scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is often presented as a result of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?

    <p>Shortness of breath on exertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common valve abnormality in men over 50 years?

    <p>Aortic stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve replacement involves using tissue from the patient's own fascia?

    <p>Autologous valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of endocarditis has an insidious onset with increasing fatigue and anorexia?

    <p>Subacute endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common predisposing factors for infective endocarditis?

    <p>Abnormal heart valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the pericardial lining?

    <p>Pericarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common long-term effect of rheumatic fever?

    <p>Rheumatic heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic test is commonly used for rheumatic fever?

    <p>Antistreptolysin O antibodies (ASO titer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are basic effects of infective endocarditis?

    <p>Same regardless of organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary etiology of infective endocarditis?

    <p>Bacterial infection of heart valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve replacement involves using tissue from a human donor?

    <p>Homograft valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

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