Cardiac Disorders Part 2: Valvular Defects Objectives
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of valvular stenosis?

  • Valve fails to close completely
  • Valve narrows and can't open fully (correct)
  • Valve leaflets become enlarged and floppy
  • Valve cusps fuse together

In which type of valvular defect does blood regurgitate or leak backward?

  • Valvular stenosis
  • Inflammation in the heart
  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • Valvular incompetence/prolapse (correct)

What is the major complication associated with Mitral Valve Stenosis?

  • Thrombus formation (correct)
  • Congestive Heart Failure
  • Poor Circulation
  • Pulmonary Edema

How does the left atrium respond in Mitral Valve Stenosis?

<p>It dilates and hypertrophies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for issues like Mitral Valve Stenosis?

<p>Surgical replacement of the valve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes valvular incompetence?

<p>Failure of valve to close completely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is most commonly affected by hypertension according to the text?

<p>Kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment approach for essential hypertension as per the text?

<p>Reducing sodium intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypertension is described as uncontrollable, severe, and rapidly progressive in the text?

<p>Malignant hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of early-stage hypertension mentioned in the text?

<p>Fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is used to measure the size of limbs and blood volume in organs or tissues as per the text?

<p>Plethysmography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site for atherosclerosis, a type of peripheral vascular disease, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Abdominal aorta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of pericarditis?

<p>Chest pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of fibrous tissue formation in chronic pericarditis?

<p>Reduced cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from inflammation or infection spreading from adjacent structures in pericarditis?

<p>Pleurisy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which age group is prehypertension most likely to occur?

<p>Young adults in their 20s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average survival time after diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?

<p>3 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important indicator for left ventricle resistance and workload in hypertension?

<p>Diastolic blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common term for essential hypertension that is of unknown cause?

<p>Idiopathic hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the thickening of the walls of pulmonary arteries in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?

<p>Scarred tissue on the inner walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common example of Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension?

<p>Pulmonary Venous Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension typically made?

<p>By exclusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension is mentioned to be prone to blood clots?

<p>Ventilation-Perfusion Scan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is often presented as a result of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?

<p>Shortness of breath on exertion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common valve abnormality in men over 50 years?

<p>Aortic stenosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve replacement involves using tissue from the patient's own fascia?

<p>Autologous valve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endocarditis has an insidious onset with increasing fatigue and anorexia?

<p>Subacute endocarditis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common predisposing factors for infective endocarditis?

<p>Abnormal heart valves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the pericardial lining?

<p>Pericarditis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common long-term effect of rheumatic fever?

<p>Rheumatic heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test is commonly used for rheumatic fever?

<p>Antistreptolysin O antibodies (ASO titer) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are basic effects of infective endocarditis?

<p>Same regardless of organism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of infective endocarditis?

<p>Bacterial infection of heart valves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve replacement involves using tissue from a human donor?

<p>Homograft valve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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