34 Questions
What is the main characteristic of valvular stenosis?
Valve narrows and can't open fully
In which type of valvular defect does blood regurgitate or leak backward?
Valvular incompetence/prolapse
What is the major complication associated with Mitral Valve Stenosis?
Thrombus formation
How does the left atrium respond in Mitral Valve Stenosis?
It dilates and hypertrophies
What is the primary treatment for issues like Mitral Valve Stenosis?
Surgical replacement of the valve
Which of the following best describes valvular incompetence?
Failure of valve to close completely
Which organ is most commonly affected by hypertension according to the text?
Kidneys
What is the primary treatment approach for essential hypertension as per the text?
Reducing sodium intake
Which type of hypertension is described as uncontrollable, severe, and rapidly progressive in the text?
Malignant hypertension
What is the most common symptom of early-stage hypertension mentioned in the text?
Fatigue
Which diagnostic test is used to measure the size of limbs and blood volume in organs or tissues as per the text?
Plethysmography
What is the most common site for atherosclerosis, a type of peripheral vascular disease, as mentioned in the text?
Abdominal aorta
What is a common symptom of pericarditis?
Chest pain
What is the primary effect of fibrous tissue formation in chronic pericarditis?
Reduced cardiac output
What can result from inflammation or infection spreading from adjacent structures in pericarditis?
Pleurisy
In which age group is prehypertension most likely to occur?
Young adults in their 20s
What is the average survival time after diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?
3 years
What is the most important indicator for left ventricle resistance and workload in hypertension?
Diastolic blood pressure
What is the common term for essential hypertension that is of unknown cause?
Idiopathic hypertension
What is the primary cause of the thickening of the walls of pulmonary arteries in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?
Scarred tissue on the inner walls
Which of the following is a common example of Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension?
Pulmonary Venous Hypertension
How is the diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension typically made?
By exclusion
Which diagnostic test for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension is mentioned to be prone to blood clots?
Ventilation-Perfusion Scan
What symptom is often presented as a result of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?
Shortness of breath on exertion
What is the most common valve abnormality in men over 50 years?
Aortic stenosis
Which valve replacement involves using tissue from the patient's own fascia?
Autologous valve
Which type of endocarditis has an insidious onset with increasing fatigue and anorexia?
Subacute endocarditis
What are common predisposing factors for infective endocarditis?
Abnormal heart valves
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the pericardial lining?
Pericarditis
What is a common long-term effect of rheumatic fever?
Rheumatic heart disease
What diagnostic test is commonly used for rheumatic fever?
Antistreptolysin O antibodies (ASO titer)
What are basic effects of infective endocarditis?
Same regardless of organism
What is the primary etiology of infective endocarditis?
Bacterial infection of heart valves
Which valve replacement involves using tissue from a human donor?
Homograft valve
Learn about the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, treatment, and new research for valvular stenosis and incompetence/prolapse affecting the aortic and pulmonary valves.
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