Cardiac Cycle and Blood Components Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of alveoli in the respiratory system?

  • To filter air entering the lungs
  • To enable gas exchange (correct)
  • To produce mucus
  • To regulate air pressure in the lungs

    • Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with asthma?

  • Cough wheezing
  • Chest tightness
  • Shortness of breath
  • Runny nose with nasal secretions (correct)

    • What causes emphysema?

  • Infection by respiratory viruses
  • Increased mucus production in the nasal cavity
  • Damaged bronchial tubes and lungs (correct)
  • Chilling the body excessively

    • How does the common cold primarily spread?

    <p>Via air droplets or surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of a cold?

    <p>Clogged nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of white blood cells?

    <p>Fight against pathogens and harmful microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the systole phase of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>The heart pumps blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fibrins function in the blood?

    <p>They trap platelets to seal wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of plasma in the blood?

    <p>Transport hormones and metabolic waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between red blood cells and white blood cells in terms of size?

    <p>700 red blood cells equal the size of one white blood cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs after strenuous activity?

    <p>Increased heart rate to spread oxygen quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leukocytes?

    <p>Fight against infections and foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease in toddlers?

    <p>Fever and body weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by a blockage in the brain's arteries?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily indicated by the painful sensation in the chest, left arm, and shoulder?

    <p>Angina Pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemophilia is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Blood not clotting properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of prolonged ischemia and hypoxia leading to a heart attack?

    <p>Reduced blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of breathing is referred to as the interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

    <p>External Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle factor is mainly responsible for Atherosclerosis?

    <p>Unhealthy lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leukemia is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Cancer-like white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in smokers?

    <p>Exposure to secondhand smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tuberculosis is correct?

    <p>Characterized by frequent coughing and chest pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Law of Dominance in Mendelian genetics operate?

    <p>One dominant allele can mask the recessive allele.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory disease is primarily associated with scarred bronchi and mucus production?

    <p>Bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

    <p>Lump mass in lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is linked with increased mucus in the lungs due to bacterial infection?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk factor for developing lung cancer?

    <p>Exposure to secondhand smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Law of Segregation in genetics describe?

    <p>Offspring receive one gamete from each parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of a heterozygous pea plant for seed color?

    <p>Aa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a homozygous recessive pea plant is crossed with a heterozygous pea plant, what is one possible genotype for the offspring?

    <p>Aa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenotypic ratio resulting from a cross between two heterozygous purple flower plants?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a homozygous dominant genotype?

    <p>AA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pea plants, if yellow seed color is dominant over green, what would be the phenotype of the genotype Gg?

    <p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotypic ratio observed when crossing two heterozygous plants (Bb x Bb)?

    <p>1:2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of non-Mendelian inheritance?

    <p>Kodominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call the physical characteristics of an organism, as opposed to its genetic make-up?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Circulatory System

    • Blood begins its journey from the aorta and flows into smaller arteries.
    • Fibrins play a crucial role in healing, trapping platelets to seal wounds and creating a web to catch blood cells.

    Cardiac Cycle

    • The heart operates in a rhythmic sequence of contractions and relaxations known as the cardiac cycle.
    • Systole: The phase when the heart contracts and pumps blood out.
    • Diastole: The phase when the heart relaxes and fills with blood.

    Functions of Blood

    • Transports dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste products.
    • Provides protection against toxins, pathogens, and blood loss.
    • Helps regulate pH levels, body temperature, and electrolyte balance.

    Blood Components

    • Plasma: Liquid portion of blood.
    • Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes):
      • Contain hemoglobin for oxygen transport, produced in bone marrow.
      • Hemoglobin gives blood its red color and contains iron.
    • White Blood Cells (Leukocytes):
      • Fight pathogens; larger than red blood cells (700 RBCs = 1 WBC).

    Heart Rate and Activity

    • Increases after physical exertion to enhance oxygen distribution throughout the body.

    Circulatory System Diseases

    • Rheumatic Heart Disease: Common in toddlers; caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Anemia: Characterized by excessive WBCs and increased infection risk.
    • Stroke: Blocked arteries in the brain, leads to consciousness loss.
    • Atherosclerosis: Plaque buildup in arteries due to poor lifestyle choices.
    • Hypertension: Elevated blood pressure from arterioles' tightening.
    • Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Caused by reduced blood flow due to prolonged ischemia.
    • Coronary Heart Disease: Inadequate blood supply to coronary arteries.
    • Angina Pectoris: Chest pain radiating to the left arm and shoulder.
    • Hemophilia: Blood clotting disorder; characterized by excessive bleeding.
    • Leukemia: Excessive production of cancer-like white blood cells.

    Respiratory System

    • Comprises organs and tissues that facilitate breathing; includes nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli (gas exchange sites).

    Phases of Breathing

    • Inspiration: Inhalation of air.
    • External Respiration: Gas exchange between air and blood in lungs.
    • Internal Respiration: Gas exchange between blood and body tissues.
    • Expiration: Exhalation of air.

    Respiratory System Diseases

    • Tuberculosis: Causes persistent coughing and chest pain, requires long-term treatment.
    • Bronchitis: Inflammation of bronchi with excess mucus production.
    • Lung Cancer: Often linked to smoking; results in tumors in the lung.
    • Pneumonia: Follows untreated sweat exposure; requires anti-bacterial treatment.
    • Influenza: Characterized by frequent sneezing; highly contagious.

    Upper & Lower Respiratory Tract

    • Upper Tract: Includes nasal cavity, pharynx (where tonsils fight infection), larynx, and epiglottis (protects windpipe during swallowing).
    • Lower Tract: Comprises trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and alveoli.

    Genetics

    • Gregor Mendel: Established foundational principles of genetics.
    • DNA: Carries genetic information.

    Mendelian Genetics Principles

    • Law of Dominance: Dominant alleles mask recessive ones.
    • Law of Segregation: Offspring receive one allele from each parent.
    • Law of Independent Assortment: Genes are inherited independently.

    Non-Mendelian Inheritance

    • Incomplete Dominance: Blending of traits.
    • Codominance: Both traits expressed equally.
    • Multiple Allelism: More than two allele forms for a gene.

    Example Crosses

    • In pea plants, yellow seed color (dominant) crosses with green (recessive) to yield specific genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
    • Punnett Square illustrates genetic outcomes based on allele combinations.

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    Grade 9 Biology Reviewer (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the cardiac cycle and the role of blood components in the body. This quiz covers aspects like heart chambers, platelet function, and white blood cell activity. Perfect for anyone studying human physiology and anatomy.

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