Cardiac Cycle and Blood Pressure
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the portion of the heartbeat during which ejection takes place?

  • Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial systole
  • Diastole
  • Systole (correct)

What valves remain open during atrial systole?

  • AV valves (correct)
  • Semilunar valves
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Aortic valve

What is the duration of atrial systole?

  • 0.5 s
  • 1 s
  • 0.1 s (correct)
  • 0.3 s

What occurs during ventricular diastole?

<p>Ventricles undergo refilling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does ventricular systole last?

<p>0.3 s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the portion of the heartbeat during which chamber refilling takes place?

<p>Diastole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickness of the walls of capillaries?

<p>One cell layer thick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated surface area of all the capillaries in the entire system?

<p>500 m2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a capillary in the peripheral circulation?

<p>1 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the endothelial cells in arterioles?

<p>A single or double layer of smooth muscle cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of precapillary sphincters?

<p>To regulate vascular resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the operation of arteriolar smooth muscle cells?

<p>The concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atria during ventricular systole?

<p>They undergo diastole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are both the AV valves and the aortic and pulmonic valves open?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the semilunar valves?

<p>To prevent blood from flowing backward into the ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do the aortic and pulmonic valves close?

<p>When the pressure in the ventricle drops below the pressure in the aorta or pulmonary artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the pressure in the left ventricle rises above the pressure in the aorta?

<p>The aortic valve opens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the period shown in the figure?

<p>0.4 s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows the passage of water, inorganic ions, glucose, and amino acids through the capillary wall?

<p>Pores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the venous system?

<p>To act as a huge blood reservoir (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of changing venule diameter in a 70-kg person?

<p>A change in blood volume by 1.5 L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules are excluded from passage through the pores in the capillary wall?

<p>Serum albumin and globular proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of tight junctions in venules compared to capillaries?

<p>They are more frequent and have bigger pores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site of diffusion in the microcirculation?

<p>Venules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do lymphatic vessels primarily transport?

<p>Fluid, serum proteins, lipids, and foreign substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which fluid enters the lymphatic vessels?

<p>Passive movement due to pressure gradient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lymph valves in lymphatic vessels?

<p>Prevent backflow and ensure unidirectional flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily rate of fluid collection by the lymphatic vasculature?

<p>3 L/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the lymphatic system in plasma protein circulation?

<p>It returns plasma proteins to the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fluid that enters a lymph capillary?

<p>Lymph (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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