Cardiac Cycle and Blood Flow Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the principle on which a sphygmomanometer works?

  • Record the electrical activity of the heart
  • Measure the volume of blood in the heart chambers
  • Measure blood pressure by detecting the sounds of Korotkoff (correct)
  • Visualize the blood flow in the arterial system

    • Why is blood pressure expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)?

  • It represents the force exerted on the arterial walls by the blood (correct)
  • It correlates with the electrical activity of the heart
  • It reflects the velocity of blood flow in the arteries
  • It directly measures the blood volume in the heart chambers

    • During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the heart chambers depolarize or repolarize?

  • Atrial systole
  • Atrial diastole (correct)
  • Ventricular systole
  • Quiescent period

    • What is the typical duration of ventricular systole?

    <p>$0.1 - 0.2$ seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for the heart sounds during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Closure of the heart valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is blood ejected out of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>During ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can heart rate be calculated from the durations of atrial systole, ventricular systole, and quiescent period?

    <p>$Heart rate = \frac{60}{(atrial systole + ventricular systole + quiescent period)}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary that each ventricle eject the same average amount of blood?

    <p>To prevent overfilling of one ventricle and underfilling of the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical volume of blood found in each ventricle when it has finished filling?

    <p>150mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of atrial systole in seconds?

    <p>0.3 sec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of ventricular blood typically ejected when a ventricle contracts?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for the heart sounds during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Opening and closing of the heart valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary that each ventricle eject the same average amount of blood?

    <p>To prevent overloading of either side of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does blood move into or out of during atrial systole?

    <p>Blood moves into the atria from the vena cavae and pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears in the ECG during ventricular systole?

    <p>ST segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is blood pressure expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)?

    <p>To measure blood pressure accurately using mercury column height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the heart chambers repolarize?

    <p>End-diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism that opens and closes the heart valves?

    <p>Pressure changes in the heart chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical volume of blood found in each ventricle when it has finished filling?

    <p>$200$ milliliters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears in the ECG during ventricular diastole?

    <p>Ventricular repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for the heart sounds during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Opening and closing of heart valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary for each ventricle to eject the same average amount of blood?

    <p>To prevent regurgitation of blood into the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of ventricular blood typically ejected when a ventricle contracts?

    <p>$40-50$%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of atrial systole in seconds?

    <p>$0.1-0.2$ seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical volume of blood found in each ventricle when it has finished filling?

    <p>140 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the heart chambers depolarize or repolarize?

    <p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism that opens and closes the heart valves?

    <p>Muscle contractions in the heart chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for the heart sounds during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Closure of the heart valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is blood pressure expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)?

    <p>Due to its relationship with fluid volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears in the ECG during ventricular diastole?

    <p>T-wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of atrial systole in seconds?

    <p>$0.4$ seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of ventricular blood typically ejected when a ventricle contracts?

    <p>$60 ext{%}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the measurement of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer?

    <p>Measurement of the pressure exerted by the blood on the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ventricular systole, what happens to the blood volume and pressure in the left ventricle and aorta?

    <p>Blood volume decreases but pressure increases in the left ventricle, while both volume and pressure increase in the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration, in seconds, of atrial systole during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>0.3 - 0.4 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism responsible for opening and closing the heart valves?

    <p>Contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary for each ventricle to eject the same average amount of blood?

    <p>To maintain balanced blood pressure between the two ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears in the ECG during the depolarization of the heart chambers?

    <p>QRS complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ventricular blood is typically ejected when a ventricle contracts?

    <p>60-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood move into or out of the atria or ventricles?

    <p>Atrial systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration, in seconds, of ventricular systole during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>0.8 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ventricular systole, what happens to the blood volume and pressure in the left ventricle and aorta?

    <p>Blood volume and pressure increase in the left ventricle and aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the measurement of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer?

    <p>Measurement of pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ventricular blood is typically ejected when a ventricle contracts?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration, in seconds, of atrial systole during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>0.1 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears in the ECG during the repolarization of the heart chambers?

    <p>T wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for the heart sounds during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Closure of semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why it is necessary for each ventricle to eject the same average amount of blood?

    <p>To ensure equal blood flow to all organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Pressure Measurement

    • Blood pressure is expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) because mercury is a dense liquid, allowing for accurate measurement of pressure.
    • The principle behind the measurement of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer is that pressure is proportional to the height of the mercury column.

    Cardiac Cycle

    • During the cardiac cycle, the heart chambers depolarize or repolarize during the depolarization and repolarization phases, respectively.
    • The typical duration of ventricular systole is not specified, but it is an important phase of the cardiac cycle.

    Heart Sounds

    • Heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are caused by the closure of the heart valves.

    Ventricular Function

    • Each ventricle must eject the same average amount of blood to maintain cardiovascular health.
    • The typical volume of blood found in each ventricle when it has finished filling is approximately 120-130 mL.
    • The percentage of ventricular blood typically ejected when a ventricle contracts is approximately 60-70%.

    Electrocardiogram (ECG)

    • During ventricular systole, the QRS complex appears in the ECG.
    • During ventricular diastole, the T wave appears in the ECG.
    • During depolarization of the heart chambers, the QRS complex appears in the ECG.
    • During repolarization of the heart chambers, the T wave appears in the ECG.

    Atrial Function

    • During atrial systole, blood moves into or out of the atria.
    • The typical duration of atrial systole is approximately 0.1-0.2 seconds.

    Valve Function

    • The mechanism that opens and closes the heart valves is the pressure difference between the atria and ventricles.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the principles of sphygmomanometer, blood pressure measurement in mm Hg, fluid dynamics in relation to blood flow, heart valve mechanisms, and the phases of the cardiac cycle including chamber activities and valve functions.

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