Cardiac Conduction System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the atria in the heart?

  • Separate the heart from other structures
  • Collect blood and push it into lower chambers (correct)
  • Connect to the pulmonary trunk
  • Pump blood out to the body

    • Where is the heart located in the body?

  • Above the diaphragm
  • Between the lungs in the mediastinum (correct)
  • Behind the stomach
  • Below the liver

    • Which structure separates the heart from other structures?

  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Aorta
  • Pericardium (correct)
  • Coronary artery

    • What is the role of the pulmonary vein?

    <p>Carry oxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is most superficial?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are auricles in relation to the heart?

    <p>Thin-walled structures that can hold blood and empty into atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at 0mV in terms of ion channels during typical repolarization?

    <p>Ca++ channels close and K+ channels open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents premature contractions in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Long refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion binds to troponin to allow the myosin and actin cross bridge?

    <p>Ca++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the AV node were to fire at 75 times per minute, what would be an expected outcome?

    <p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?

    <p>To record electrical signals of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the P wave in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Depolarization of the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is an interruption in the normal conduction pathway of the heart?

    <p>Heart block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an artificial pacemaker?

    <p>To deliver electrical impulses for heart contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow into the atria and through into the ventricles?

    <p>Atrial diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the isovolumic ventricular relaxation phase in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>To close the semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is stroke volume defined in relation to the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Amount of blood pushed out by ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart sound is caused by the closing of atrioventricular valves?

    <p>S1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage range for normal ejection fraction?

    <p>50% - 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the nervous regulation of heart rate from the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Vagal stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sympathetic stimulation release that shortens the repolarization period?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an increase in parasympathetic stimulation according to the baroreceptor reflex?

    <p>Increased stretch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to a decrease in heart rate?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure divides the heart into chambers and are physical extensions of the myocardium?

    <p>Septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of endothelins released by the endothelium?

    <p>Regulate growth patterns of cardiac muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valves separate the atria from ventricles in the heart?

    <p>Atrioventricular valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the moderator band in the right ventricle?

    <p>Help regulate cardiac conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the left atrium receive blood from?

    <p>Pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valves ensure unidirectional blood flow in the heart?

    <p>Semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during a heart murmur caused by valve disorders?

    <p>Abnormal heart sounds during auscultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for setting the normal cardiac rhythm and known as the pacemaker?

    <p>Sinoatrial (SA) node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plateau phase in cardiac muscle cells occurs at which membrane potential?

    <p>+30mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Desmosomes in cardiac muscle cells serve to prevent what from happening?

    <p>Rupture or tearing apart of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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