Cardiac Conduction System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the atria in the heart?

  • Separate the heart from other structures
  • Collect blood and push it into lower chambers (correct)
  • Connect to the pulmonary trunk
  • Pump blood out to the body
  • Where is the heart located in the body?

  • Above the diaphragm
  • Between the lungs in the mediastinum (correct)
  • Behind the stomach
  • Below the liver
  • Which structure separates the heart from other structures?

  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Aorta
  • Pericardium (correct)
  • Coronary artery
  • What is the role of the pulmonary vein?

    <p>Carry oxygenated blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is most superficial?

    <p>Epicardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are auricles in relation to the heart?

    <p>Thin-walled structures that can hold blood and empty into atria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at 0mV in terms of ion channels during typical repolarization?

    <p>Ca++ channels close and K+ channels open (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents premature contractions in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Long refractory period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion binds to troponin to allow the myosin and actin cross bridge?

    <p>Ca++ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the AV node were to fire at 75 times per minute, what would be an expected outcome?

    <p>Arrhythmia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?

    <p>To record electrical signals of the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the P wave in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Depolarization of the atria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is an interruption in the normal conduction pathway of the heart?

    <p>Heart block (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an artificial pacemaker?

    <p>To deliver electrical impulses for heart contractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow into the atria and through into the ventricles?

    <p>Atrial diastole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the isovolumic ventricular relaxation phase in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>To close the semilunar valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is stroke volume defined in relation to the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Amount of blood pushed out by ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart sound is caused by the closing of atrioventricular valves?

    <p>S1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage range for normal ejection fraction?

    <p>50% - 70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the nervous regulation of heart rate from the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Vagal stimulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sympathetic stimulation release that shortens the repolarization period?

    <p>Norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an increase in parasympathetic stimulation according to the baroreceptor reflex?

    <p>Increased stretch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to a decrease in heart rate?

    <p>Hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure divides the heart into chambers and are physical extensions of the myocardium?

    <p>Septum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of endothelins released by the endothelium?

    <p>Regulate growth patterns of cardiac muscle cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valves separate the atria from ventricles in the heart?

    <p>Atrioventricular valves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the moderator band in the right ventricle?

    <p>Help regulate cardiac conduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the left atrium receive blood from?

    <p>Pulmonary veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valves ensure unidirectional blood flow in the heart?

    <p>Semilunar valves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during a heart murmur caused by valve disorders?

    <p>Abnormal heart sounds during auscultation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for setting the normal cardiac rhythm and known as the pacemaker?

    <p>Sinoatrial (SA) node (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plateau phase in cardiac muscle cells occurs at which membrane potential?

    <p>+30mV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Desmosomes in cardiac muscle cells serve to prevent what from happening?

    <p>Rupture or tearing apart of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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