Cardiac Conduction System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Where is the heart located in the body?

  • Above the kidneys
  • In the abdominal cavity
  • Behind the liver
  • Between the lungs in the mediastinum (correct)

What separates the heart from other structures?

  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
  • Pericardium (correct)
  • Epicardium

How many chambers does a typical heart have?

  • 6 chambers
  • 4 chambers (correct)
  • 3 chambers
  • 5 chambers

Which part of the heart pumps blood out to the body or lungs?

<p>Ventricles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of auricles in the heart?

<p>Pump blood into the atria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is the most superficial?

<p>Epicardium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Ca++ channels at 0mV in the heart?

<p>Closing to prevent premature contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart has the slow Ca++ channels that allow for the plateau phase?

<p>Purkinje fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If not for endocrine control, how many times per minute would the AV node fire?

<p>40 - 60 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of electrodes placed on the body in relation to the heart's electrical signals?

<p>To record electrical signals of the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation commonly used for Electrocardiogram?

<p>ECG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of AEDs in relation to cardiac issues?

<p>To correct fibrillations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves pumping blood into circulation?

<p>Ventricular systole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during atrial systole in the cardiac cycle?

<p>Atria contract to push blood into the ventricles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of myoglobin in cardiac muscle metabolism?

<p>Storing oxygen in muscle cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the amount of blood left in the ventricles after stroke volume is pushed out?

<p>End systolic volume (ESV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the phase of ventricular diastole in the cardiac cycle?

<p>Relaxation with semilunar valves open and atrioventricular valves closed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endothelium in the heart?

<p>Releases strong vasoconstrictors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure divides the heart into chambers and is a physical extension of the myocardium?

<p>Septum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart?

<p>Forces the atrioventricular septum to contract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the sinoatrial (SA) node contribute to cardiac function?

<p>Inferior portion of right atrium known as the pacemaker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of desmosomes in cardiac muscle cells?

<p>Stop cardiac muscle cells from ripping apart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do valve disorders primarily occur in the heart?

<p>Due to inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell initiates and propagates the action potential through the heart?

<p>Myocardial conducting cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do cardiac contractile cells plateau before repolarizing?

<p>+30mV Na+ channels close (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heart sound is associated with the closing of atrioventricular valves?

<p>S1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does S2 represent in terms of heart sounds?

<p>Opening of semilunar valves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used when both S3 and S4 heart sounds are present?

<p>S7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Cardiac Output (CO)?

<p>CO = HR * SV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for Cardiac Output (CO) in a healthy individual?

<p>$4 - 8$ L/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood pumped represents the Ejection Fraction?

<p>$50 - 70$% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target heart rate range used to maintain a high Cardiac Output during exercise?

<p>$120 - 150$ bpm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the nervous control of Heart Rate originate from?

<p>Medulla oblongata (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by sympathetic stimulation and shortens the repolarization period?

<p>Norepinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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