Cardiac Conduction System and Action Potentials

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Questions and Answers

Where is the heart located in the body?

  • Above the stomach
  • In a space called the mediastinum (correct)
  • Between the kidneys
  • Behind the liver

Which chamber of the heart collects blood and pushes it into the lower chambers?

  • Right atrium
  • Left atrium (correct)
  • Left ventricle
  • Right ventricle

Which vessel connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?

  • Inferior vena cava
  • Pulmonary artery (correct)
  • Aorta
  • Superior vena cava

What is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood in the body?

<p>Pulmonary artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is described as the middle thickest layer containing muscle cells, nerve fibers, and blood vessels?

<p>Myocardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of auricles in the heart?

<p>Empty blood into atria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens at 0mV in the heart muscle?

<p>Ca++ channels close and K+ channels open for repolarization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Ca++ play during the contraction of heart muscle?

<p>Binds to troponin to allow cross bridge formation between myosin and actin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the heart's conduction system would have the highest intrinsic firing rate?

<p>SA node (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of electrodes placed on the body during an ECG?

<p>To record electrical signals of the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for an electrocardiogram?

<p>ECG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of AED's?

<p>Correcting fibrillations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are the semilunar valves closed?

<p>Diastole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during ventricular diastole?

<p>Relaxation and closure of semilunar valves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wave represents repolarization of the ventricles?

<p>T wave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of blood normally pushed out by the ventricles as stroke volume?

<p>$70 - 80$ mL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase does the atria contract following depolarization, known as 'atrial kick'?

<p>Atrial systole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the sound known as S3 in a healthy heart?

<p>Blood flowing into the atria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to refer to having both S3 and S4 heart sounds?

<p>S7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Cardiac Output (CO)?

<p>CO = HR * SV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the normal range for Cardiac Output (CO) in liters per minute?

<p>4 - 8 L/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target heart rate range meant to achieve?

<p>Maintaining High Cardiac Output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Ejection Fraction calculated?

<p>(SV / EDV) * 100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is responsible for releasing endothelins, strong vasoconstrictors?

<p>Endocardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many septa are present in the heart?

<p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the heart was a foramen ovale in a fetus?

<p>Fossa ovalis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the moderator band in the right ventricle?

<p>Conduct impulses for cardiac conduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?

<p>Left atrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of heart valves?

<p>Ensure unidirectional blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do arteries branch off to supply blood to the myocardium and other components?

<p>Aorta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Purkinje fibers in the heart?

<p>Conduct impulses around the ventricles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total time from initial impulse to ventricle depolarization in the heart?

<p>225 ms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the heart exhibit autorhythmicity and can initiate an electrical potential at a fixed rate?

<p>Myocardial conducting cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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