Cardiac Conduction System and Action Potentials
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Questions and Answers

Where is the heart located in the body?

  • Above the stomach
  • In a space called the mediastinum (correct)
  • Between the kidneys
  • Behind the liver

    • Which chamber of the heart collects blood and pushes it into the lower chambers?

  • Right atrium
  • Left atrium (correct)
  • Left ventricle
  • Right ventricle

    • Which vessel connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?

  • Inferior vena cava
  • Pulmonary artery (correct)
  • Aorta
  • Superior vena cava

    • What is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood in the body?

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is described as the middle thickest layer containing muscle cells, nerve fibers, and blood vessels?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of auricles in the heart?

    <p>Empty blood into atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at 0mV in the heart muscle?

    <p>Ca++ channels close and K+ channels open for repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Ca++ play during the contraction of heart muscle?

    <p>Binds to troponin to allow cross bridge formation between myosin and actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the heart's conduction system would have the highest intrinsic firing rate?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electrodes placed on the body during an ECG?

    <p>To record electrical signals of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for an electrocardiogram?

    <p>ECG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of AED's?

    <p>Correcting fibrillations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle are the semilunar valves closed?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during ventricular diastole?

    <p>Relaxation and closure of semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wave represents repolarization of the ventricles?

    <p>T wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of blood normally pushed out by the ventricles as stroke volume?

    <p>$70 - 80$ mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase does the atria contract following depolarization, known as 'atrial kick'?

    <p>Atrial systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the sound known as S3 in a healthy heart?

    <p>Blood flowing into the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to refer to having both S3 and S4 heart sounds?

    <p>S7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating Cardiac Output (CO)?

    <p>CO = HR * SV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the normal range for Cardiac Output (CO) in liters per minute?

    <p>4 - 8 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target heart rate range meant to achieve?

    <p>Maintaining High Cardiac Output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Ejection Fraction calculated?

    <p>(SV / EDV) * 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is responsible for releasing endothelins, strong vasoconstrictors?

    <p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many septa are present in the heart?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart was a foramen ovale in a fetus?

    <p>Fossa ovalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the moderator band in the right ventricle?

    <p>Conduct impulses for cardiac conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of heart valves?

    <p>Ensure unidirectional blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do arteries branch off to supply blood to the myocardium and other components?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Purkinje fibers in the heart?

    <p>Conduct impulses around the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total time from initial impulse to ventricle depolarization in the heart?

    <p>225 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the heart exhibit autorhythmicity and can initiate an electrical potential at a fixed rate?

    <p>Myocardial conducting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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