58 Questions
What is the primary goal when treating a patient with PEA?
Treat the underlying cause
What is the treatment for a patient with profound bradycardia and symptomatic slow heart rate?
Give atropine and consider dopamine IV drip
What is the characteristic of a 3:1 conduction deficit in a patient with Second Degree Heart Block Type 2?
A heart rate of 35 bpm with a 3:1 conduction deficit
What is the distinguishing feature of Third Degree Heart Block?
No communication between the top and bottom parts of the heart
What is the primary treatment for a patient with Third Degree Heart Block?
Need a pacemaker
What is the significance of checking the relationship between P waves and QRS in diagnosing heart blocks?
To determine the type of heart block
In a 2nd Degree AV Block Type 2, what is the characteristic pattern of P waves and QRS complexes?
P waves with a constant PR interval and occasional dropped QRS complexes
What is the primary difference between 2nd Degree AV Block Type 2 and 3rd Degree Heart Block?
The complete dissociation between atria and ventricle in 3rd Degree Heart Block
What is the most common indicator of heart block?
More P waves than QRS complexes
What is the consequence of shocking asystole?
It can block later efforts to restore cardiac conduction
What is the treatment for 3rd Degree Heart Block?
Pacemaker implantation
What is a characteristic of 1st degree AV block?
A delay in the P wave with a prolongation of the PRI
What is the indication of a 2nd degree AV block Type 1?
A progressive lengthening of the PR interval until a QRS is dropped
What is the primary difference between cardioversion and defibrillation?
The timing of the therapy
What is the underlying cause of heart block?
Injury or illness in an area of the heart
What is the significance of having more P waves than QRS complexes?
It is a sign of heart block
What is the name of the 2nd degree AV block Type 1 pattern?
Mobitz 1
Why does a 2nd degree AV block Type 1 occur?
The QRS is not being conducted due to a delay in the P wave
What is the primary mechanism of action of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?
Blocking the effects of angiotensin II at the receptor site
What is the effect of Hydralazine on venous return and preload?
Decreases venous return and preload
What is the primary benefit of beta-blockers in patients with heart disease?
Reducing the effects of the constant stimulation of the SNS
What is the effect of Digitalis on the heart rate?
Decreases the heart rate
What is the primary mechanism of action of Isosorbide?
Vasodilation and decreasing blood supply back to the heart
What is the primary mechanism of action of Milrinone in reducing cardiac workload?
Delays release of calcium from intracellular reserves
What is the primary effect of Dobutamine on cardiac function?
Increases AV conduction
Which of the following medications is used to treat acute decompensated heart failure?
Dobutamine
What is the primary reason for hospitalizing patients with brand new CHF for a 'Dobutamine tuneup'?
To help the heart beat and pump more effectively
What is the primary effect of Milrinone on preload and afterload?
Decreases preload and afterload
What is the primary goal of pharmacologic therapy in patients with heart failure?
To decrease afterload and promote vasodilation
Which medication is commonly used to help the heart pump more effectively in patients with heart failure?
Digoxin
What is the effect of ACE inhibitors on the progression of heart failure?
They slow the progression of heart failure
Which of the following medications is used to hide excess volume in the vasculature in patients with heart failure?
Vasodilators
What is the primary benefit of using ACE inhibitors in patients with heart failure?
They prevent left ventricular remodeling
What is the primary indication for using lidocaine in dysrhythmia treatment?
To treat ventricular tachycardia in cardiac arrest
What is the potential concern when using lidocaine in elderly patients with dysrhythmias?
It can lead to confusion
When should metoprolol (lopressor) be held in a patient with a heart attack?
When the systolic blood pressure is less than 100
What is the purpose of using amiodarone in treating ventricular tachycardia?
To break the rhythm and restore a normal heartbeat
What type of stents are used to prevent restenosis of coronary arteries?
Drug-eluting stents
What is the primary concern when administering nitroglycerin to a patient who has taken sildenafil or silace?
Risk of significant drop in blood pressure
Why are ACE Inhibitors typically held back for 72 hours in patients with heart disease?
To allow for stabilization of the patient's condition
What is the primary benefit of administering morphine to a patient with heart disease?
Decreased anxiety and apprehension
What is the significance of a patient not experiencing relief after 3 or more nitroglycerin doses 5 minutes apart?
Red flag for a heart attack
What is the primary concern when using ACE Inhibitors in patients with renal impairment?
Risk of further renal impairment
What is the primary mechanism of action for medications prescribed to prevent arrhythmias in the acute phase of heart damage?
Blocking sodium channels to reduce electrical instability
What is the primary goal of prescribing beta-blockers to patients with heart disease?
To reduce the workload of the heart
Which medication is used to prevent further complications in patients with a history of heart damage and decreased ejection fraction?
Beta-blockers
What is the primary benefit of prescribing medications that block sodium channels in patients with heart disease?
Preventing arrhythmias
Which medication is used to prevent electrical instability in patients with heart disease?
Amiodarone
What is the primary effect of synthetic BNP in patients with acute decompensated heart failure?
Arterial and venous dilation
What is the primary indication for the use of anticoagulants in patients with heart failure?
To reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism
What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Protamine sulfate
What is the primary side effect of Amiodorone that is a concern in patients with heart failure?
Lung problems
What is the primary benefit of resynchronization therapy in patients with stage 4 heart failure?
Improves symptoms and quality of life
What is the primary mechanism of action of Amiodorone in patients with heart failure?
Anti-arrhythmic effects
What is the primary indication for the use of Internal Cardiodefibrillator (ICD) in patients with heart failure?
To reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death
What is the primary effect of Heparin SQ on patients with heart failure?
Reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism
What is the primary concern when using Amiodorone in patients with heart failure?
Thyroid problems and lung problems
What is the primary benefit of resynchronization therapy in patients with stage 4 heart failure?
Improves symptoms and quality of life
Test your knowledge of cardiac conduction abnormalities, including AV blocks and asystole, as well as the effects of defibrillation on the heart. Learn about the different types of heart block and how to identify them.
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