Podcast
Questions and Answers
In a standard echocardiogram, which anatomical plane of the heart is represented by the 'Long axis' view?
In a standard echocardiogram, which anatomical plane of the heart is represented by the 'Long axis' view?
- A plane showing two chambers, typically the left ventricle and left atrium. (correct)
- A plane displaying all four chambers simultaneously.
- A plane illustrating the aorta and its branches.
- A plane perpendicular to the long axis of the heart, visualizing the left ventricle in cross-section.
When performing a parasternal M-mode echocardiogram from the left ventricle (LV) to the aorta (AO), which structure is represented when the ultrasound beam transects the mitral valve?
When performing a parasternal M-mode echocardiogram from the left ventricle (LV) to the aorta (AO), which structure is represented when the ultrasound beam transects the mitral valve?
- The aortic valve leaflets.
- The mitral valve leaflets. (correct)
- The interventricular septum.
- The papillary muscle.
Which combination of coronary arteries is most likely to be occluded in a patient experiencing an inferior myocardial infarction (MI)?
Which combination of coronary arteries is most likely to be occluded in a patient experiencing an inferior myocardial infarction (MI)?
- Proximal and distal LAD.
- Left anterior descending (LAD) and diagonal branches.
- Circumflex and obtuse marginal branches.
- Right coronary artery (RCA) and posterior descending coronary artery (PDCA). (correct)
In a right anterior oblique (RAO) left ventriculogram (LV gram), which segment of the left ventricular wall is typically visualized and referred to as the 'anterior-lateral wall'?
In a right anterior oblique (RAO) left ventriculogram (LV gram), which segment of the left ventricular wall is typically visualized and referred to as the 'anterior-lateral wall'?
In a healthy adult at rest, what is the approximate average oxygen ($O_2$) saturation level expected in a blood sample drawn from the right atrium (RA)?
In a healthy adult at rest, what is the approximate average oxygen ($O_2$) saturation level expected in a blood sample drawn from the right atrium (RA)?
Flashcards
Long Axis View
Long Axis View
An echocardiographic view displaying the heart from apex to base, along its longest dimension.
Aortic Valve (M-mode)
Aortic Valve (M-mode)
Represents the aortic valve on M-mode parasternal echo scan.
Inferior MI Vessels
Inferior MI Vessels
In an inferior MI, the RCA and PDCA are often occluded.
Anterior Free Wall
Anterior Free Wall
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Left Dominant PDCA Origin
Left Dominant PDCA Origin
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Study Notes
- A diagram illustrates three orthogonal planes of the heart.
- Plane #2 represents the long axis.
- An M-mode parasternal echo scan shows waveforms from the left ventricle to the aorta
- Structure #4 on the scan represents the mitral valve.
- In an inferior myocardial infarction (MI), the right coronary artery (RCA) and posterior descending coronary artery (PDCA) are usually occluded.
- In a Right Anterior Oblique (RAO) Left Ventriculogram (LV GRAM) diagram, the left ventricular wall labeled #6 is termed anterior-lateral wall.
- In healthy adults at rest, an oxygen saturation sample drawn from the right atrium (RA) will normally average 75%.
- With exercise, pulmonary artery (PA) oxygen saturations decrease and the aorta-pulmonary artery (AO-PA) arteriovenous difference widens.
- In a left-dominant coronary system, the acute marginal branch usually still arises from the right coronary artery (RCA).
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