Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of cardiac catheterization?
Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication for cardiac catheterization.
False
Name one indication for performing cardiac catheterization.
Confirm suspected heart disease.
During the procedure, the catheterization site is __________ if necessary.
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Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for cardiac catheterization?
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Match the procedure component with its purpose:
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What position should a patient be in during cardiac catheterization?
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The catheter is designed to be __________ and radiopaque.
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What is injected through the catheter during cardiac catheterization?
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The cardiac catheterization procedure typically lasts between 1 to 3 hours.
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What should be applied to the needle site after the catheter is removed?
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In the LAO view, the catheter and spine are seen on the ______ side of the image.
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Match the views with their descriptions:
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What is the primary purpose of cardiac catheterization?
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Cardiac catheterization is a non-invasive procedure.
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What type of medium is injected during angiography?
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The ___________ is used to visualize abnormalities in the coronary arteries.
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Match the following procedures with their descriptions:
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Which technical factor is associated with the correct positioning of the patient for a chest X-ray?
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The collimation for a chest X-ray should be inferior to the border of the 12th rib.
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What is the recommended exposure range (kVp) for a chest X-ray?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Catheterization Overview
- Involves inserting a long, flexible, radiopaque catheter into a peripheral vein or artery, guided by fluoroscopy or angiography.
- Used to diagnose conditions like coronary artery disease, myocardial disease, and valvular dysfunction.
Indications for Cardiac Catheterization
- Confirmation of suspected heart disease.
- Assessment of disease location and extent.
- Management of severe angina unresponsive to medications.
- Evaluation of uncontrolled heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and ventricular aneurysm.
Contraindications
- Allergy to contrast medium.
- Pregnancy, unless its benefits outweigh risks.
- Renal failure.
- Severe infections, irreversible brain damage, or congestive heart failure (CHF).
- Inability of patient cooperation.
- Gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Procedure Steps
- Patient positioned supine on an x-ray table with ECG leads attached.
- Continuous monitoring of blood pressure, pulse, and respiration.
- Catheterization site is shaved, cleansed, and prepped sterilely.
- Needle insertion into femoral or brachial artery/vein.
- Guide wire introduced; catheter is then placed over it into the blood vessel.
Diagnostic Procedures
- Angiography involves injecting contrast medium to image specific blood vessels.
- Other procedures include electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Patient Positioning for X-Ray
- Patient stands erect facing the image receptor, 5 cm above shoulder joints.
- Chin raised to avoid obstruction in the imaging field.
- Shoulders rotated and depressed to clear lung fields.
Technical Factors for X-Ray Imaging
- Use posteroanterior projection with suspended inspiration.
- Centering at the 7th thoracic vertebra with appropriate collimation.
- X-ray exposure set to 100-110 kVp and 4-8 mAs, with a source-image distance of 180 cm.
Outcome of Cardiac Catheterization
- Enables visualization of heart chambers, valves, and great vessels for diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery abnormalities.
- Duration of the procedure typically ranges from 1 to 3 hours.
- Following the procedure, pressure applied to the needle site to prevent bleeding; patient then monitored in recovery.
Angiographic Imaging Views
- LAO (Left Anterior Oblique) and RAO (Right Anterior Oblique) provide specific tomographic views for accurate assessment.
- PA (Posteroanterior) imaging centralizes anatomical landmarks for clearer interpretation.
- Patient instructed to inspire for cranial images to eliminate diaphragmatic shadows.
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Description
This quiz covers the procedure and indications for cardiac catheterization, including its role in diagnosing various heart diseases such as coronary artery disease and valvular dysfunction. Participants will explore the techniques used, including the insertion of radiopaque catheters and the use of fluoroscopy.
