Cardiac Week 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the average size of arteries in the systemic circulation?

  • 4mm (correct)
  • 8mm
  • 6mm
  • 2mm

Which component of the circulatory system is responsible for the exchange of fluid, nutrients, hormones, and oxygen between blood and tissues?

  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Venules
  • Capillaries (correct)

Which statement about veins in the systemic circulation is true?

  • They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
  • They have thick walls to withstand high pressure.
  • They contain valves to prevent backflow of blood. (correct)
  • They regulate arterial blood pressure.

What is the function of arterioles in the circulatory system?

<p>Regulating arterial blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is responsible for gas transport and transports oxygen?

<p>Erythrocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma proteins in blood?

<p>Participating in clotting reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle and the posterior part of the left ventricle in 80-90% of people?

<p>Right Coronary Artery (RCA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart, including the left ventricle and left atrium?

<p>Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines coronary artery dominance by crossing the junction between the atria and ventricles to supply the posterior descending coronary branch (in 50% of population)?

<p>Right Coronary Artery (RCA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cardiac vein runs alongside the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery?

<p>Great cardiac vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does blood returning from the left ventricle drain into?

<p>Coronary sinus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coronary artery is associated with changes in EKG leads V1 – V4?

<p>Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which EKG leads can changes be seen if there is an issue with the Left Circumflex (LCx) artery?

<p>I, AVL, V5, V6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coronary artery is responsible for changes in EKG leads II, III, and AVF (inferior wall MI)?

<p>Right Coronary Artery (RCA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the SA node in the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>Right vagus nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does increased sympathetic nervous system tone lead to in terms of heart function?

<p>Increases heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the left and right heart?

<p>The volume of blood entering the right heart must equal the volume of blood leaving the left heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the determining factor for coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) under normal conditions?

<p>Aortic Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What decreases coronary perfusion pressure?

<p>Decreases in aortic (arterial) pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal area for the tricuspid valve?

<p>$7-9$ cm2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does coronary vascular reserve represent?

<p>The difference between maximal coronary blood flow and autoregulated flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of myocardial oxygen balance, what does O2 supply rely on?

<p>Arterial oxygen content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate arterial oxygen content ($CaO2$)?

<p>$CaO2 = (SaO2 × Hgb × 1.34) + (0.003 × PaO2)$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition increases myocardial O2 consumption?

<p>$ ext{Decreased diastolic filling time}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal area for the mitral valve?

<p>$4-6$ cm2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines coronary blood flow according to Poiseuille's Law?

<p>Change in pressure divided by resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does coronary perfusion pressure represent?

<p>Aortic Diastolic - LV end-diastolic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law is an adaptation of Ohm's law in medicine, incorporating vessel diameter, viscosity, and tube length?

<p>Poiseuille's law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Reynold's number predict when it is greater than 4000?

<p>Mostly turbulent flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hemodynamics, what is the measure of the friction that impedes flow?

<p>Resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines blood viscosity?

<p>Hematocrit and body temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Poiseuille’s Law, how is the flow rate of liquid through a capillary tube related to the radius of the tube?

<p>Directly proportional to the radius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Poiseuille’s Law show about the influence of vessel radius on resistance and flow in the body?

<p>Changes in vessel radius have the most influence on resistance and flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be calculated from the known relationship: F = ∆P / R?

<p>Resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What variable changes most rapidly in the body quantitatively and physiologically?

<p>Vessel diameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ohm's law form the basis for understanding in hemodynamics?

<p>The relationship among blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance to blood flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the primary function of the right heart?

<p>Pumping blood to the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the left heart?

<p>Pumping blood to the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What valve does blood pass through when leaving the left ventricle?

<p>Aortic valve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chordae tendinae in the heart?

<p>Preventing eversion of mitral valve during ventricular systole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the pericardial cavity contain?

<p>10-25 mL of serous fluid for lubrication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surface of the heart is mainly formed by RV and partly by RA on the right, and LV on the left?

<p>Sternocostal (anterior) surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomy that lines the outer surface of the heart also called?

<p>Epicardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does MAP – CVP / SVR represent in hemodynamics?

<p>Cardiac output (CO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber has to generate 6-7 times as much force as the other chamber in order to push blood through the systemic circuit?

<p>Left ventricle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chambers are responsible for receiving blood from veins and adding to ventricular filling?

<p>Atria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle?

<p>Pulmonary valve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as the cardiac pacemaker of the cardiac cycle?

<p>SA node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the cardiac conduction system, where does the impulse originate and travel to stimulate the myocardial cells of the atria?

<p>Internodal fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of gap junctions and intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

<p>Spread of the cardiac action potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for releasing calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle during excitation-contraction coupling?

<p>Sarcoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the binding sites on actin filaments to become exposed during excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle?

<p>$Ca^{++}$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During muscle contraction in cardiac muscle, what happens to the Z lines according to the sliding filament theory?

<p>They shorten (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for preventing actin-myosin interaction in cardiac muscle?

<p>$Tropomyosin$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of thick filaments in cardiac muscle?

<p>$Actin-myosin$ interaction and cross-bridge formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling, what causes a conformational change that exposes binding sites on actin filaments?

<p>Troponin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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