Cardiac Week 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the average size of arteries in the systemic circulation?

  • 4mm (correct)
  • 8mm
  • 6mm
  • 2mm

    • Which component of the circulatory system is responsible for the exchange of fluid, nutrients, hormones, and oxygen between blood and tissues?

  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Venules
  • Capillaries (correct)

    • Which statement about veins in the systemic circulation is true?

  • They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
  • They have thick walls to withstand high pressure.
  • They contain valves to prevent backflow of blood. (correct)
  • They regulate arterial blood pressure.

    • What is the function of arterioles in the circulatory system?

    <p>Regulating arterial blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is responsible for gas transport and transports oxygen?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma proteins in blood?

    <p>Participating in clotting reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle and the posterior part of the left ventricle in 80-90% of people?

    <p>Right Coronary Artery (RCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart, including the left ventricle and left atrium?

    <p>Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines coronary artery dominance by crossing the junction between the atria and ventricles to supply the posterior descending coronary branch (in 50% of population)?

    <p>Right Coronary Artery (RCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac vein runs alongside the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery?

    <p>Great cardiac vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does blood returning from the left ventricle drain into?

    <p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coronary artery is associated with changes in EKG leads V1 – V4?

    <p>Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which EKG leads can changes be seen if there is an issue with the Left Circumflex (LCx) artery?

    <p>I, AVL, V5, V6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coronary artery is responsible for changes in EKG leads II, III, and AVF (inferior wall MI)?

    <p>Right Coronary Artery (RCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the SA node in the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Right vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does increased sympathetic nervous system tone lead to in terms of heart function?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between the left and right heart?

    <p>The volume of blood entering the right heart must equal the volume of blood leaving the left heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the determining factor for coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) under normal conditions?

    <p>Aortic Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What decreases coronary perfusion pressure?

    <p>Decreases in aortic (arterial) pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal area for the tricuspid valve?

    <p>$7-9$ cm2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does coronary vascular reserve represent?

    <p>The difference between maximal coronary blood flow and autoregulated flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of myocardial oxygen balance, what does O2 supply rely on?

    <p>Arterial oxygen content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate arterial oxygen content ($CaO2$)?

    <p>$CaO2 = (SaO2 × Hgb × 1.34) + (0.003 × PaO2)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition increases myocardial O2 consumption?

    <p>$ ext{Decreased diastolic filling time}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal area for the mitral valve?

    <p>$4-6$ cm2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines coronary blood flow according to Poiseuille's Law?

    <p>Change in pressure divided by resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does coronary perfusion pressure represent?

    <p>Aortic Diastolic - LV end-diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law is an adaptation of Ohm's law in medicine, incorporating vessel diameter, viscosity, and tube length?

    <p>Poiseuille's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Reynold's number predict when it is greater than 4000?

    <p>Mostly turbulent flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hemodynamics, what is the measure of the friction that impedes flow?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines blood viscosity?

    <p>Hematocrit and body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Poiseuille’s Law, how is the flow rate of liquid through a capillary tube related to the radius of the tube?

    <p>Directly proportional to the radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Poiseuille’s Law show about the influence of vessel radius on resistance and flow in the body?

    <p>Changes in vessel radius have the most influence on resistance and flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be calculated from the known relationship: F = ∆P / R?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What variable changes most rapidly in the body quantitatively and physiologically?

    <p>Vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ohm's law form the basis for understanding in hemodynamics?

    <p>The relationship among blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance to blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the primary function of the right heart?

    <p>Pumping blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the left heart?

    <p>Pumping blood to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What valve does blood pass through when leaving the left ventricle?

    <p>Aortic valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chordae tendinae in the heart?

    <p>Preventing eversion of mitral valve during ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pericardial cavity contain?

    <p>10-25 mL of serous fluid for lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface of the heart is mainly formed by RV and partly by RA on the right, and LV on the left?

    <p>Sternocostal (anterior) surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomy that lines the outer surface of the heart also called?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MAP – CVP / SVR represent in hemodynamics?

    <p>Cardiac output (CO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber has to generate 6-7 times as much force as the other chamber in order to push blood through the systemic circuit?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chambers are responsible for receiving blood from veins and adding to ventricular filling?

    <p>Atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle?

    <p>Pulmonary valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as the cardiac pacemaker of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cardiac conduction system, where does the impulse originate and travel to stimulate the myocardial cells of the atria?

    <p>Internodal fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of gap junctions and intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Spread of the cardiac action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for releasing calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle during excitation-contraction coupling?

    <p>Sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the binding sites on actin filaments to become exposed during excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle?

    <p>$Ca^{++}$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During muscle contraction in cardiac muscle, what happens to the Z lines according to the sliding filament theory?

    <p>They shorten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for preventing actin-myosin interaction in cardiac muscle?

    <p>$Tropomyosin$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of thick filaments in cardiac muscle?

    <p>$Actin-myosin$ interaction and cross-bridge formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling, what causes a conformational change that exposes binding sites on actin filaments?

    <p>Troponin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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