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Questions and Answers
What is the average size of arteries in the systemic circulation?
What is the average size of arteries in the systemic circulation?
- 4mm (correct)
- 8mm
- 6mm
- 2mm
Which component of the circulatory system is responsible for the exchange of fluid, nutrients, hormones, and oxygen between blood and tissues?
Which component of the circulatory system is responsible for the exchange of fluid, nutrients, hormones, and oxygen between blood and tissues?
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Venules
- Capillaries (correct)
Which statement about veins in the systemic circulation is true?
Which statement about veins in the systemic circulation is true?
- They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
- They have thick walls to withstand high pressure.
- They contain valves to prevent backflow of blood. (correct)
- They regulate arterial blood pressure.
What is the function of arterioles in the circulatory system?
What is the function of arterioles in the circulatory system?
Which component of blood is responsible for gas transport and transports oxygen?
Which component of blood is responsible for gas transport and transports oxygen?
What is the main function of plasma proteins in blood?
What is the main function of plasma proteins in blood?
Which coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle and the posterior part of the left ventricle in 80-90% of people?
Which coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle and the posterior part of the left ventricle in 80-90% of people?
Which coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart, including the left ventricle and left atrium?
Which coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart, including the left ventricle and left atrium?
What determines coronary artery dominance by crossing the junction between the atria and ventricles to supply the posterior descending coronary branch (in 50% of population)?
What determines coronary artery dominance by crossing the junction between the atria and ventricles to supply the posterior descending coronary branch (in 50% of population)?
Which cardiac vein runs alongside the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery?
Which cardiac vein runs alongside the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery?
What does blood returning from the left ventricle drain into?
What does blood returning from the left ventricle drain into?
Which coronary artery is associated with changes in EKG leads V1 – V4?
Which coronary artery is associated with changes in EKG leads V1 – V4?
In which EKG leads can changes be seen if there is an issue with the Left Circumflex (LCx) artery?
In which EKG leads can changes be seen if there is an issue with the Left Circumflex (LCx) artery?
Which coronary artery is responsible for changes in EKG leads II, III, and AVF (inferior wall MI)?
Which coronary artery is responsible for changes in EKG leads II, III, and AVF (inferior wall MI)?
Which nerve innervates the SA node in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Which nerve innervates the SA node in the parasympathetic nervous system?
What does increased sympathetic nervous system tone lead to in terms of heart function?
What does increased sympathetic nervous system tone lead to in terms of heart function?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the left and right heart?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the left and right heart?
What is the determining factor for coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) under normal conditions?
What is the determining factor for coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) under normal conditions?
What decreases coronary perfusion pressure?
What decreases coronary perfusion pressure?
What is the normal area for the tricuspid valve?
What is the normal area for the tricuspid valve?
What does coronary vascular reserve represent?
What does coronary vascular reserve represent?
In the context of myocardial oxygen balance, what does O2 supply rely on?
In the context of myocardial oxygen balance, what does O2 supply rely on?
What is the formula to calculate arterial oxygen content ($CaO2$)?
What is the formula to calculate arterial oxygen content ($CaO2$)?
Which condition increases myocardial O2 consumption?
Which condition increases myocardial O2 consumption?
What is the normal area for the mitral valve?
What is the normal area for the mitral valve?
What determines coronary blood flow according to Poiseuille's Law?
What determines coronary blood flow according to Poiseuille's Law?
What does coronary perfusion pressure represent?
What does coronary perfusion pressure represent?
Which law is an adaptation of Ohm's law in medicine, incorporating vessel diameter, viscosity, and tube length?
Which law is an adaptation of Ohm's law in medicine, incorporating vessel diameter, viscosity, and tube length?
What does Reynold's number predict when it is greater than 4000?
What does Reynold's number predict when it is greater than 4000?
In hemodynamics, what is the measure of the friction that impedes flow?
In hemodynamics, what is the measure of the friction that impedes flow?
What determines blood viscosity?
What determines blood viscosity?
According to Poiseuille’s Law, how is the flow rate of liquid through a capillary tube related to the radius of the tube?
According to Poiseuille’s Law, how is the flow rate of liquid through a capillary tube related to the radius of the tube?
What does Poiseuille’s Law show about the influence of vessel radius on resistance and flow in the body?
What does Poiseuille’s Law show about the influence of vessel radius on resistance and flow in the body?
What can be calculated from the known relationship: F = ∆P / R?
What can be calculated from the known relationship: F = ∆P / R?
What variable changes most rapidly in the body quantitatively and physiologically?
What variable changes most rapidly in the body quantitatively and physiologically?
What does Ohm's law form the basis for understanding in hemodynamics?
What does Ohm's law form the basis for understanding in hemodynamics?
What is the function of the primary function of the right heart?
What is the function of the primary function of the right heart?
What is the main function of the left heart?
What is the main function of the left heart?
What valve does blood pass through when leaving the left ventricle?
What valve does blood pass through when leaving the left ventricle?
What is the function of chordae tendinae in the heart?
What is the function of chordae tendinae in the heart?
What does the pericardial cavity contain?
What does the pericardial cavity contain?
Which surface of the heart is mainly formed by RV and partly by RA on the right, and LV on the left?
Which surface of the heart is mainly formed by RV and partly by RA on the right, and LV on the left?
What is the anatomy that lines the outer surface of the heart also called?
What is the anatomy that lines the outer surface of the heart also called?
What does MAP – CVP / SVR represent in hemodynamics?
What does MAP – CVP / SVR represent in hemodynamics?
Which chamber has to generate 6-7 times as much force as the other chamber in order to push blood through the systemic circuit?
Which chamber has to generate 6-7 times as much force as the other chamber in order to push blood through the systemic circuit?
Which chambers are responsible for receiving blood from veins and adding to ventricular filling?
Which chambers are responsible for receiving blood from veins and adding to ventricular filling?
What component prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle?
What component prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle?
Which structure serves as the cardiac pacemaker of the cardiac cycle?
Which structure serves as the cardiac pacemaker of the cardiac cycle?
In the cardiac conduction system, where does the impulse originate and travel to stimulate the myocardial cells of the atria?
In the cardiac conduction system, where does the impulse originate and travel to stimulate the myocardial cells of the atria?
What is the main function of gap junctions and intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?
What is the main function of gap junctions and intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?
Which component is responsible for releasing calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle during excitation-contraction coupling?
Which component is responsible for releasing calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle during excitation-contraction coupling?
What causes the binding sites on actin filaments to become exposed during excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle?
What causes the binding sites on actin filaments to become exposed during excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle?
During muscle contraction in cardiac muscle, what happens to the Z lines according to the sliding filament theory?
During muscle contraction in cardiac muscle, what happens to the Z lines according to the sliding filament theory?
Which protein is responsible for preventing actin-myosin interaction in cardiac muscle?
Which protein is responsible for preventing actin-myosin interaction in cardiac muscle?
What is the main function of thick filaments in cardiac muscle?
What is the main function of thick filaments in cardiac muscle?
In cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling, what causes a conformational change that exposes binding sites on actin filaments?
In cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling, what causes a conformational change that exposes binding sites on actin filaments?
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