Cardiac 1.1

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the major variable controlling resistance in a tube, as per Poiseuille’s Law?

Fluid viscosity

Inside radius of the tube (correct)

Length of the tube

Pressure differential

How does blood viscosity change with temperature?

Decreases with cooler temperatures

Remains constant with temperature changes

Increases with cooler temperatures (correct)

Is not affected by temperature

According to Poiseuille’s Law, how does the flow rate of liquid through a capillary tube change with the radius of the tube?

Unaffected by the radius of the tube

Proportional to the square of the radius of the tube

Inversely proportional to the radius of the tube

Directly proportional to the radius of the tube (correct)

What factor has the greatest quantitative and physiological effect on resistance in the body?

Vessel diameter Signup and view all the answers

What clinical application demonstrates the dominant influence of vessel radius on resistance and flow?

Determination of vascular dilation in response to pharmacologic agents Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in blood viscosity affect resistance according to Poiseuille’s Law?

Increases resistance Signup and view all the answers

What changes in the body affect pressure and flow due to their influence on vessel radius?

Changes in heart valve orifice size Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines blood viscosity?

Hematocrit (Hct) and body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What happens to resistance when vessel diameter changes due to contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle?

Resistance decreases exponentially Signup and view all the answers

What clinical application demonstrates the effect of changes in vascular tone and pathology on pressure and flow?

Vascular stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components are included in the circulatory system overview?

Coronary Perfusion/Myocardial Oxygen Balance and Cardiac Performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups in the U.S.?

CAD Signup and view all the answers

How often does a person die in the U.S. due to CAD?

Every 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate annual cost of CAD to the U.S.?

$240 billion Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults age 20 and older have CAD in the U.S.?

5% Signup and view all the answers

In 2021, what percentage of deaths from CAD occurred in adults under 65 years old in the U.S.?

20% Signup and view all the answers

Which valve directs deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery?

Pulmonary valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the left heart?

To pump blood to the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the common wall between the atria of the heart called?

Interatrial septum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is formed mainly by the left atrium at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage?

Base Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the right heart?

To pump blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What prevents eversion of the mitral valve during ventricular systole?

Chordae tendinae Signup and view all the answers

What lies slightly to the left of the midline and has a broad superior portion to include origin of major blood vessels?

Base Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for pushing blood through the systemic circuit?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is located at orifice of coronary sinus and may prevent regurgitation of blood into coronary sinus during contraction of atrium?

Thebesian valve Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber does not care about oxygenated blood from lungs?

Right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What directs incoming oxygenated blood from inferior vena cava to foramen ovale and away from right atrium in fetus?

Eustachian valve Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered as a pump during atrial systole and provides 20-30% increase in LVEDV?

Left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the major determinant of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) under normal conditions?

Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) Signup and view all the answers

Which valve has symptoms when the surface area is decreased by half?

Mitral valve Signup and view all the answers

In the context of myocardial supply and demand, which factor affects oxygen supply?

Arterial oxygen tension Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate arterial oxygen content (CaO2)?

(SaO2 x Hgb X 1.34) + (0.003 x PaO2) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor decreases coronary perfusion pressure?

Increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) Signup and view all the answers

What decreases coronary perfusion pressure according to the given text?

Increases in LVEDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal area of the pulmonic valve?

2.5–4.0 cm2 Signup and view all the answers

Which condition increases myocardial O2 consumption?

Decreased diastolic filling time Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating arterial oxygen content (CaO2) given in the text?

(SaO2 x Hgb X 1.34) + (0.003 x PaO2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio used to determine O2 supply to O2 demand according to the text?

Myocardial Oxygen Balance Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies most of the right ventricle and the posterior part of the left ventricle in 80-90% of people?

Right coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary branch of the right coronary artery that supplies the inferior aspect of the heart?

Right posterior descending artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the left side of the heart, including the left ventricle and left atrium?

Left circumflex artery Signup and view all the answers

How is cardiac dominance determined based on which coronary artery crosses the junction between the atria and ventricles to supply the posterior descending coronary branch?

Blood flow in the coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which vein runs alongside the left anterior descending artery?

Great cardiac vein Signup and view all the answers

Where does blood returning from the left ventricle drain into?

Coronary sinus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart is primarily affected by changes in V2 – V5 in an EKG, indicating an anterolateral wall myocardial infarction?

Anterior wall of the left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of a heart attack?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the circulatory system is responsible for blood flow from the left ventricle through all organs and tissues, except the lungs, and then to the right atrium?

Systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arterioles in the circulatory system?

Regulating blood-flow distribution to various organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Exchanging nutrients, gases, and metabolic end products with tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of veins in the circulatory system?

Facilitating blood flow back to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma in the blood?

Containment of dissolved proteins, nutrients, ions, and waste products Signup and view all the answers

According to Ohm's law, what correlates with the flow of electricity and resistance to this flow in the hemodynamic Ohm's Law?

Vessel diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is applicable to aspects of medicine based on Poiseuille's Law?

Blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What does Reynold's number (Re) predict?

Laminar or turbulent flow Signup and view all the answers

What does hemodynamic Ohm's Law correlate with as per Poiseuille's Law?

Vessel diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is directly proportional to the pressure difference between two points and inversely proportional to the resistance in hemodynamics?

Blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What does physiological processes within the circulatory system depend on?

Both chemistry and physics laws Signup and view all the answers

What is the inherent rate of the SA node in the cardiac conduction system?

70 – 100 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

Where does the impulse originating from the SA node travel to?

AV node by way of internodal fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the AV bundle in the cardiac conduction system?

To transmit impulses from the AV node to the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle?

Maintain Ca++ homeostasis for contraction and relaxation Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall process by which depolarization of muscle fiber causes Ca+2 release from sarcoplasmic reticulum into myoplasm called?

Cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling Signup and view all the answers

What prevents actin-myosin interaction in cardiac muscle?

Tropomyosin Signup and view all the answers

During contraction, what do myosin heads do in cardiac muscle?

Interact w/ actin filaments, forming cross-bridges and pivot to produce motion Signup and view all the answers

Which protein binds tropomyosin to G-actin and is controlled by Ca++ in cardiac muscle?

<ul> <li>Troponin</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the shortening of Z lines in cardiac muscle during excitation-contraction coupling?

<ul> <li>Myosin cross bridges bind to active filament by alternately attaching and detaching from active sites</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of thin filaments in cardiac muscle?

Actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin Signup and view all the answers

In what cardiac muscle process does myosin bind to actin and use energy to drag actin filaments toward the center of sarcomere?

Sliding Filament Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of myosin in cardiac muscle during contraction?

Interact w/ actin filaments, forming cross-bridges and pivot to produce motion Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac 1.1

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the major variable controlling resistance in a tube, as per Poiseuille’s Law?

How does blood viscosity change with temperature?

According to Poiseuille’s Law, how does the flow rate of liquid through a capillary tube change with the radius of the tube?

What factor has the greatest quantitative and physiological effect on resistance in the body?

What clinical application demonstrates the dominant influence of vessel radius on resistance and flow?

How does an increase in blood viscosity affect resistance according to Poiseuille’s Law?

What changes in the body affect pressure and flow due to their influence on vessel radius?

Which factor determines blood viscosity?

What happens to resistance when vessel diameter changes due to contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle?

What clinical application demonstrates the effect of changes in vascular tone and pathology on pressure and flow?

Which of the following components are included in the circulatory system overview?

What is the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups in the U.S.?

How often does a person die in the U.S. due to CAD?

What is the approximate annual cost of CAD to the U.S.?

What percentage of adults age 20 and older have CAD in the U.S.?

In 2021, what percentage of deaths from CAD occurred in adults under 65 years old in the U.S.?

Which valve directs deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery?

What is the primary function of the left heart?

What is the common wall between the atria of the heart called?

Which structure is formed mainly by the left atrium at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage?

What is the primary function of the right heart?

What prevents eversion of the mitral valve during ventricular systole?

What lies slightly to the left of the midline and has a broad superior portion to include origin of major blood vessels?

What is primarily responsible for pushing blood through the systemic circuit?

What is located at orifice of coronary sinus and may prevent regurgitation of blood into coronary sinus during contraction of atrium?

Which chamber does not care about oxygenated blood from lungs?

What directs incoming oxygenated blood from inferior vena cava to foramen ovale and away from right atrium in fetus?

What should be considered as a pump during atrial systole and provides 20-30% increase in LVEDV?

What is the major determinant of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) under normal conditions?

Which valve has symptoms when the surface area is decreased by half?

In the context of myocardial supply and demand, which factor affects oxygen supply?

What is the formula to calculate arterial oxygen content (CaO2)?

Which factor decreases coronary perfusion pressure?

What decreases coronary perfusion pressure according to the given text?

What is the normal area of the pulmonic valve?

Which condition increases myocardial O2 consumption?

What is the formula for calculating arterial oxygen content (CaO2) given in the text?

What is the ratio used to determine O2 supply to O2 demand according to the text?

Which artery supplies most of the right ventricle and the posterior part of the left ventricle in 80-90% of people?

What is the primary branch of the right coronary artery that supplies the inferior aspect of the heart?

Which artery supplies the left side of the heart, including the left ventricle and left atrium?

How is cardiac dominance determined based on which coronary artery crosses the junction between the atria and ventricles to supply the posterior descending coronary branch?

Which vein runs alongside the left anterior descending artery?

Where does blood returning from the left ventricle drain into?

Which part of the heart is primarily affected by changes in V2 – V5 in an EKG, indicating an anterolateral wall myocardial infarction?

What is the primary cause of a heart attack?

Which component of the circulatory system is responsible for blood flow from the left ventricle through all organs and tissues, except the lungs, and then to the right atrium?

What is the function of arterioles in the circulatory system?

What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

What is the role of veins in the circulatory system?

What is the primary function of plasma in the blood?

According to Ohm's law, what correlates with the flow of electricity and resistance to this flow in the hemodynamic Ohm's Law?

What is applicable to aspects of medicine based on Poiseuille's Law?

What does Reynold's number (Re) predict?

What does hemodynamic Ohm's Law correlate with as per Poiseuille's Law?

What is directly proportional to the pressure difference between two points and inversely proportional to the resistance in hemodynamics?

What does physiological processes within the circulatory system depend on?

What is the inherent rate of the SA node in the cardiac conduction system?

Where does the impulse originating from the SA node travel to?

What is the primary function of the AV bundle in the cardiac conduction system?

What is the role of T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle?

What is the overall process by which depolarization of muscle fiber causes Ca+2 release from sarcoplasmic reticulum into myoplasm called?

What prevents actin-myosin interaction in cardiac muscle?

During contraction, what do myosin heads do in cardiac muscle?

Which protein binds tropomyosin to G-actin and is controlled by Ca++ in cardiac muscle?

What initiates the shortening of Z lines in cardiac muscle during excitation-contraction coupling?

What are the components of thin filaments in cardiac muscle?

In what cardiac muscle process does myosin bind to actin and use energy to drag actin filaments toward the center of sarcomere?

What is the primary role of myosin in cardiac muscle during contraction?

More Quizzes Like This

Coronary Arteries Quiz: Test Your Knowledge of Cardiac Blood Supply

Understanding Coronary Circulation and Blood Flow in Cardiac Muscle

Cardiac Cycle and Blood Pressure

Cardiac Cycle and Blood Components Quiz