Cardiac 1.1

What is the major variable controlling resistance in a tube, as per Poiseuille’s Law?

How does blood viscosity change with temperature?

According to Poiseuille’s Law, how does the flow rate of liquid through a capillary tube change with the radius of the tube?

What factor has the greatest quantitative and physiological effect on resistance in the body?

What clinical application demonstrates the dominant influence of vessel radius on resistance and flow?

How does an increase in blood viscosity affect resistance according to Poiseuille’s Law?

What changes in the body affect pressure and flow due to their influence on vessel radius?

Which factor determines blood viscosity?

What happens to resistance when vessel diameter changes due to contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle?

What clinical application demonstrates the effect of changes in vascular tone and pathology on pressure and flow?

Which of the following components are included in the circulatory system overview?

What is the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups in the U.S.?

How often does a person die in the U.S. due to CAD?

What is the approximate annual cost of CAD to the U.S.?

What percentage of adults age 20 and older have CAD in the U.S.?

In 2021, what percentage of deaths from CAD occurred in adults under 65 years old in the U.S.?

Which valve directs deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery?

What is the primary function of the left heart?

What is the common wall between the atria of the heart called?

Which structure is formed mainly by the left atrium at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage?

What is the primary function of the right heart?

What prevents eversion of the mitral valve during ventricular systole?

What lies slightly to the left of the midline and has a broad superior portion to include origin of major blood vessels?

What is primarily responsible for pushing blood through the systemic circuit?

What is located at orifice of coronary sinus and may prevent regurgitation of blood into coronary sinus during contraction of atrium?

Which chamber does not care about oxygenated blood from lungs?

What directs incoming oxygenated blood from inferior vena cava to foramen ovale and away from right atrium in fetus?

What should be considered as a pump during atrial systole and provides 20-30% increase in LVEDV?

What is the major determinant of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) under normal conditions?

Which valve has symptoms when the surface area is decreased by half?

In the context of myocardial supply and demand, which factor affects oxygen supply?

What is the formula to calculate arterial oxygen content (CaO2)?

Which factor decreases coronary perfusion pressure?

What decreases coronary perfusion pressure according to the given text?

What is the normal area of the pulmonic valve?

Which condition increases myocardial O2 consumption?

What is the formula for calculating arterial oxygen content (CaO2) given in the text?

What is the ratio used to determine O2 supply to O2 demand according to the text?

Which artery supplies most of the right ventricle and the posterior part of the left ventricle in 80-90% of people?

What is the primary branch of the right coronary artery that supplies the inferior aspect of the heart?

Which artery supplies the left side of the heart, including the left ventricle and left atrium?

How is cardiac dominance determined based on which coronary artery crosses the junction between the atria and ventricles to supply the posterior descending coronary branch?

Which vein runs alongside the left anterior descending artery?

Where does blood returning from the left ventricle drain into?

Which part of the heart is primarily affected by changes in V2 – V5 in an EKG, indicating an anterolateral wall myocardial infarction?

What is the primary cause of a heart attack?

Which component of the circulatory system is responsible for blood flow from the left ventricle through all organs and tissues, except the lungs, and then to the right atrium?

What is the function of arterioles in the circulatory system?

What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

What is the role of veins in the circulatory system?

What is the primary function of plasma in the blood?

According to Ohm's law, what correlates with the flow of electricity and resistance to this flow in the hemodynamic Ohm's Law?

What is applicable to aspects of medicine based on Poiseuille's Law?

What does Reynold's number (Re) predict?

What does hemodynamic Ohm's Law correlate with as per Poiseuille's Law?

What is directly proportional to the pressure difference between two points and inversely proportional to the resistance in hemodynamics?

What does physiological processes within the circulatory system depend on?

What is the inherent rate of the SA node in the cardiac conduction system?

Where does the impulse originating from the SA node travel to?

What is the primary function of the AV bundle in the cardiac conduction system?

What is the role of T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle?

What is the overall process by which depolarization of muscle fiber causes Ca+2 release from sarcoplasmic reticulum into myoplasm called?

What prevents actin-myosin interaction in cardiac muscle?

During contraction, what do myosin heads do in cardiac muscle?

Which protein binds tropomyosin to G-actin and is controlled by Ca++ in cardiac muscle?

What initiates the shortening of Z lines in cardiac muscle during excitation-contraction coupling?

What are the components of thin filaments in cardiac muscle?

In what cardiac muscle process does myosin bind to actin and use energy to drag actin filaments toward the center of sarcomere?

What is the primary role of myosin in cardiac muscle during contraction?