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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic pattern of rise and fall seen in cardiac biomarkers?
What is the characteristic pattern of rise and fall seen in cardiac biomarkers?
- Linear increase
- Sudden spike followed by gradual decline (correct)
- Constant level
- Exponential decrease
Which of the following is NOT a common cardiac biomarker?
Which of the following is NOT a common cardiac biomarker?
- B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- Myoglobin
- Troponin I
- Hemoglobin A1c (correct)
What is the most common test used to understand the pathogenesis in human diseases?
What is the most common test used to understand the pathogenesis in human diseases?
- Blood sample measurements
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Echocardiogram
- Histopathology examination (correct)
Which condition is NOT diagnosed using cardiac function tests?
Which condition is NOT diagnosed using cardiac function tests?
What is the primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers?
What is the primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers?
Which test is NOT used in the diagnosis of heart conditions?
Which test is NOT used in the diagnosis of heart conditions?
Which enzyme is more concentrated in the heart muscle and is more likely to indicate heart damage?
Which enzyme is more concentrated in the heart muscle and is more likely to indicate heart damage?
What is the role of phosphocreatine in cardiac tissue?
What is the role of phosphocreatine in cardiac tissue?
Which enzyme is determined by immunoassay and is more likely to indicate heart damage?
Which enzyme is determined by immunoassay and is more likely to indicate heart damage?
Which cardiac biomarker is good for detecting re-infarction?
Which cardiac biomarker is good for detecting re-infarction?
What happens to the levels of Creatine kinase (CK) after a myocardial infarction?
What happens to the levels of Creatine kinase (CK) after a myocardial infarction?
Which enzyme is useful as a marker of tissue injury?
Which enzyme is useful as a marker of tissue injury?
What does prolonged ischemia lead to?
What does prolonged ischemia lead to?
Which enzyme is increased in over 90% of myocardial infarction cases within 4-6 hours after onset?
Which enzyme is increased in over 90% of myocardial infarction cases within 4-6 hours after onset?
What are the ideal characteristics of a cardiac biomarker according to the text?
What are the ideal characteristics of a cardiac biomarker according to the text?
Which condition can also cause elevated levels of most cardiac biomarkers?
Which condition can also cause elevated levels of most cardiac biomarkers?
Cardiac biomarkers are substances released into the bloodstream from damaged or stressed heart muscle. (True/False)?
Cardiac biomarkers are substances released into the bloodstream from damaged or stressed heart muscle. (True/False)?
Diagnostic accuracy of serum markers of cardiac injury are altered in patients with renal failure. (True/False)?
Diagnostic accuracy of serum markers of cardiac injury are altered in patients with renal failure. (True/False)?
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is not a common cardiac biomarker. (True/False)?
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is not a common cardiac biomarker. (True/False)?
Cardiac function tests are used to help diagnose and monitor all types of heart conditions. (True/False)?
Cardiac function tests are used to help diagnose and monitor all types of heart conditions. (True/False)?
Myocarditis is a condition that can be diagnosed using cardiac function tests. (True/False)?
Myocarditis is a condition that can be diagnosed using cardiac function tests. (True/False)?
The primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers is to evaluate myocardial injury. (True/False)?
The primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers is to evaluate myocardial injury. (True/False)?
Acute myocardial infarction results from a reduction of coronary blood flow that leads to an insufficiency of oxygen supply to myocardial tissue.
Acute myocardial infarction results from a reduction of coronary blood flow that leads to an insufficiency of oxygen supply to myocardial tissue.
Myocardial cell death and necrosis occur when myocardial ischemia is prolonged and reversible.
Myocardial cell death and necrosis occur when myocardial ischemia is prolonged and reversible.
Anaerobic glycolysis is decreased in myocardial muscles with low oxygen supply.
Anaerobic glycolysis is decreased in myocardial muscles with low oxygen supply.
Lysosomal enzymes are activated during prolonged and irreversible ischemia in the myocardium.
Lysosomal enzymes are activated during prolonged and irreversible ischemia in the myocardium.
Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found only in the heart muscle and not in skeletal muscle.
Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found only in the heart muscle and not in skeletal muscle.
CK-MB is more concentrated in skeletal muscle than in heart muscle.
CK-MB is more concentrated in skeletal muscle than in heart muscle.
CK-MB or total CK provides additional evidence supporting the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
CK-MB or total CK provides additional evidence supporting the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
Creatine kinase begins to rise 24 hours after myocardial infarction and returns to normal within 2 days.
Creatine kinase begins to rise 24 hours after myocardial infarction and returns to normal within 2 days.
Phosphocreatine serves as an energy reserve in cardiac tissue as well as other tissues.
Phosphocreatine serves as an energy reserve in cardiac tissue as well as other tissues.
Elevated levels of most cardiac biomarkers are only caused by heart conditions such as myocardial infarction.
Elevated levels of most cardiac biomarkers are only caused by heart conditions such as myocardial infarction.
Flashcards
Cardiac Biomarker Pattern
Cardiac Biomarker Pattern
A characteristic pattern seen in cardiac biomarkers, where the levels rise suddenly and then decline gradually over time.
Cardiac Biomarker Test
Cardiac Biomarker Test
A blood test that measures the levels of specific proteins released from damaged heart muscle.
Troponin
Troponin
A protein found in heart muscle that is released into the bloodstream when the heart is damaged.
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
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Cardiac Function Tests
Cardiac Function Tests
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Histopathology Examination
Histopathology Examination
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Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB)
Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB)
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Phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine
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Creatine Kinase (CK)
Creatine Kinase (CK)
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Myocardial Cell Death
Myocardial Cell Death
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Myocardial Ischemia
Myocardial Ischemia
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Myocarditis
Myocarditis
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Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Artery Disease
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Heart Failure
Heart Failure
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Re-infarction
Re-infarction
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Ideal Cardiac Biomarker Characteristics
Ideal Cardiac Biomarker Characteristics
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Kidney Disease
Kidney Disease
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Cardiac Biomarker Release
Cardiac Biomarker Release
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Renal Failure and Cardiac Biomarkers
Renal Failure and Cardiac Biomarkers
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BNP as a Biomarker
BNP as a Biomarker
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Cardiac Function Tests Scope
Cardiac Function Tests Scope
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Myocarditis Diagnosis
Myocarditis Diagnosis
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Primary Purpose of Cardiac Biomarkers
Primary Purpose of Cardiac Biomarkers
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Myocardial Infarction Cause
Myocardial Infarction Cause
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Myocardial Ischemia and Cell Death
Myocardial Ischemia and Cell Death
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Anaerobic Glycolysis in Ischemia
Anaerobic Glycolysis in Ischemia
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Lysosomal Enzyme Activation
Lysosomal Enzyme Activation
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CK Location
CK Location
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CK-MB Concentration
CK-MB Concentration
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CK-MB and MI Diagnosis
CK-MB and MI Diagnosis
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CK Rise Time
CK Rise Time
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Phosphocreatine Function
Phosphocreatine Function
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Biomarker Specificity
Biomarker Specificity
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Study Notes
Cardiac Biomarkers
- Characteristic pattern of rise and fall seen in cardiac biomarkers: increase after myocardial infarction, then decrease
- Common cardiac biomarkers: NOT B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- Most common test used to understand pathogenesis in human diseases: NOT specified
- Condition NOT diagnosed using cardiac function tests: Myocarditis
- Primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers: to evaluate myocardial injury
- Test NOT used in the diagnosis of heart conditions: NOT specified
Enzymes and Markers
- Enzyme more concentrated in heart muscle and indicative of heart damage: Creatine kinase (CK)
- Role of phosphocreatine in cardiac tissue: serves as an energy reserve
- Enzyme determined by immunoassay and indicative of heart damage: CK-MB
- Cardiac biomarker good for detecting re-infarction: CK-MB
- Effect of myocardial infarction on Creatine kinase (CK) levels: increase, then decrease
- Enzyme useful as a marker of tissue injury: Creatine kinase (CK)
- Prolonged ischemia leads to: myocardial cell death and necrosis
Ideal Characteristics of Cardiac Biomarkers
- Ideal characteristics of a cardiac biomarker: NOT specified
Other Cardiac Conditions
- Condition that can also cause elevated levels of most cardiac biomarkers: Renal failure
- True/False statements:
- Cardiac biomarkers are substances released into the bloodstream from damaged or stressed heart muscle: TRUE
- Diagnostic accuracy of serum markers of cardiac injury are altered in patients with renal failure: TRUE
- B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is not a common cardiac biomarker: FALSE
- Cardiac function tests are used to help diagnose and monitor all types of heart conditions: FALSE
- Myocarditis is a condition that can be diagnosed using cardiac function tests: FALSE
- The primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers is to evaluate myocardial injury: TRUE
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