32 Questions
What is the characteristic pattern of rise and fall seen in cardiac biomarkers?
Sudden spike followed by gradual decline
Which of the following is NOT a common cardiac biomarker?
Hemoglobin A1c
What is the most common test used to understand the pathogenesis in human diseases?
Histopathology examination
Which condition is NOT diagnosed using cardiac function tests?
Atherosclerosis
What is the primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers?
Evaluate myocardial injury
Which test is NOT used in the diagnosis of heart conditions?
Complete blood count (CBC)
Which enzyme is more concentrated in the heart muscle and is more likely to indicate heart damage?
Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)
What is the role of phosphocreatine in cardiac tissue?
It provides a stable release of energy
Which enzyme is determined by immunoassay and is more likely to indicate heart damage?
Creatine kinase (CK)
Which cardiac biomarker is good for detecting re-infarction?
Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)
What happens to the levels of Creatine kinase (CK) after a myocardial infarction?
They peak within 6 hours and return to normal within 2 days
Which enzyme is useful as a marker of tissue injury?
Creatine kinase (CK)
What does prolonged ischemia lead to?
Cell death and necrosis
Which enzyme is increased in over 90% of myocardial infarction cases within 4-6 hours after onset?
Creatine kinase (CK)
What are the ideal characteristics of a cardiac biomarker according to the text?
Absolute cardiac specificity, specific for irreversible injury, early release, high tissue sensitivity
Which condition can also cause elevated levels of most cardiac biomarkers?
Kidney disease
Cardiac biomarkers are substances released into the bloodstream from damaged or stressed heart muscle. (True/False)?
True
Diagnostic accuracy of serum markers of cardiac injury are altered in patients with renal failure. (True/False)?
True
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is not a common cardiac biomarker. (True/False)?
False
Cardiac function tests are used to help diagnose and monitor all types of heart conditions. (True/False)?
False
Myocarditis is a condition that can be diagnosed using cardiac function tests. (True/False)?
False
The primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers is to evaluate myocardial injury. (True/False)?
True
Acute myocardial infarction results from a reduction of coronary blood flow that leads to an insufficiency of oxygen supply to myocardial tissue.
True
Myocardial cell death and necrosis occur when myocardial ischemia is prolonged and reversible.
False
Anaerobic glycolysis is decreased in myocardial muscles with low oxygen supply.
False
Lysosomal enzymes are activated during prolonged and irreversible ischemia in the myocardium.
True
Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found only in the heart muscle and not in skeletal muscle.
False
CK-MB is more concentrated in skeletal muscle than in heart muscle.
False
CK-MB or total CK provides additional evidence supporting the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
True
Creatine kinase begins to rise 24 hours after myocardial infarction and returns to normal within 2 days.
False
Phosphocreatine serves as an energy reserve in cardiac tissue as well as other tissues.
True
Elevated levels of most cardiac biomarkers are only caused by heart conditions such as myocardial infarction.
False
Study Notes
Cardiac Biomarkers
- Characteristic pattern of rise and fall seen in cardiac biomarkers: increase after myocardial infarction, then decrease
- Common cardiac biomarkers: NOT B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- Most common test used to understand pathogenesis in human diseases: NOT specified
- Condition NOT diagnosed using cardiac function tests: Myocarditis
- Primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers: to evaluate myocardial injury
- Test NOT used in the diagnosis of heart conditions: NOT specified
Enzymes and Markers
- Enzyme more concentrated in heart muscle and indicative of heart damage: Creatine kinase (CK)
- Role of phosphocreatine in cardiac tissue: serves as an energy reserve
- Enzyme determined by immunoassay and indicative of heart damage: CK-MB
- Cardiac biomarker good for detecting re-infarction: CK-MB
- Effect of myocardial infarction on Creatine kinase (CK) levels: increase, then decrease
- Enzyme useful as a marker of tissue injury: Creatine kinase (CK)
- Prolonged ischemia leads to: myocardial cell death and necrosis
Ideal Characteristics of Cardiac Biomarkers
- Ideal characteristics of a cardiac biomarker: NOT specified
Other Cardiac Conditions
- Condition that can also cause elevated levels of most cardiac biomarkers: Renal failure
- True/False statements:
- Cardiac biomarkers are substances released into the bloodstream from damaged or stressed heart muscle: TRUE
- Diagnostic accuracy of serum markers of cardiac injury are altered in patients with renal failure: TRUE
- B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is not a common cardiac biomarker: FALSE
- Cardiac function tests are used to help diagnose and monitor all types of heart conditions: FALSE
- Myocarditis is a condition that can be diagnosed using cardiac function tests: FALSE
- The primary purpose of using cardiac biomarkers is to evaluate myocardial injury: TRUE
Test your knowledge about cardiac biomarkers, which are substances released into the bloodstream from damaged or stressed heart muscle. Learn about their characteristic rise and fall pattern, and their diagnostic accuracy in patients with renal failure. Identify the most common cardiac biomarkers used for evaluating myocardial injury.
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