Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

The heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.

The heart valves control blood flow through the chambers.

Located between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Pulmonary and aortic valves; they look like half-moons.

The thickest heart muscle layer.

Epicardium (outer), Myocardium (middle, thickest), Endocardium (inner).

The protective sac around the heart; made of two layers.

Cushions and lubricates the heart during its contractions and expansion.

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium, Parietal Pericardium. Visceral Pericardium

Blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart muscle.

Aorta

The route blood takes through the heart, starting from vessels returning blood to the heart.

Study of the heart's functions, including blood flow, contractions, valve actions, and blood ejection.

The left and right coronary arteries further divide into smaller arteries and eventually into capillaries that supply the heart muscle.

A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart's right atrium.

A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart's right atrium.

The heart chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.

The vessel carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

The vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

The heart's relaxation phase, where the chambers fill with blood.

The heart's contraction phase, where blood is pumped out of the chambers.

An X-ray imaging technique that shows internal body structures in real time, like an X-ray movie.

A procedure that uses a catheter to reach the heart and visualize blockages by injecting contrast dye.

Blood is pushed up from legs to abdomen, then to the heart's atria. Blood flows from atria to ventricles. Then from ventricles to lungs and body.

The phase where the atria (top chambers) contract, forcing blood into the ventricles (bottom chambers).

A procedure that treats blockages in coronary arteries by either widening the artery or inserting a stent.

A part of PCI where a balloon is inflated and deflated to break plaque and widen the artery.

The phase where the ventricles contract, pumping blood into the arteries (out of the heart).

The additional 25% of blood pushed into the ventricles during atrial contraction.

A substance injected during cardiac catheterization to make blockages visible in X-ray imaging.

Nursing care before cardiac catheterization, including blood tests to assess kidney function and clotting ability.

Heart valves that open to let blood flow from the atria to the ventricles, and close during ventricular contraction to prevent backflow.

Nursing care after cardiac catheterization, monitoring vital signs, and ensuring patient comfort and safety.

Heart valves that open during ventricular contraction to allow blood to flow out of the heart into the lungs (pulmonary), and into the body (aortic).

Heart valves prevent backflow of blood, ensuring blood only flows in one direction throughout the heart and body.

Tests performed before cardiac catheterization to assess the patient's ability to excrete contrast dye.

The coordinated contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles that pumps blood throughout the body.

The amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each heartbeat, usually 70 milliliters in adults.

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart each minute, calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate.

The number of times the heart beats per minute, typically between 60-100 beats per minute for adults.

The amount of blood in the ventricles before they contract. It affects how much blood is pumped out.

The resistance the ventricles must overcome to pump blood out of the heart. It's a factor affecting stroke volume.

Valves that open during ventricular relaxation to allow blood to flow into the ventricles.

Valves that close during ventricular relaxation and prevent backflow when blood exits the heart.

The strength of the heart's contraction, a factor determining stroke volume. Strong heart contraction means more pumping.