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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the myocardium?
What is the main function of the myocardium?
The tricuspid valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
The tricuspid valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
False
What are the atrioventricular valves?
What are the atrioventricular valves?
The mitral valve and the tricuspid valve.
The outermost layer of the heart is called the ______.
The outermost layer of the heart is called the ______.
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Match the following heart valves with their descriptions:
Match the following heart valves with their descriptions:
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Which of the following layers is the thickest in the heart?
Which of the following layers is the thickest in the heart?
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The pericardial sac has two layers, the parietal pericardium and the risk visceral pericardium.
The pericardial sac has two layers, the parietal pericardium and the risk visceral pericardium.
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The amount of fluid in the pericardial space is about ______ milliliters.
The amount of fluid in the pericardial space is about ______ milliliters.
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What is the primary function of the fluid in the pericardial space?
What is the primary function of the fluid in the pericardial space?
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The order of the layers of the heart from inside to outside is the epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, and parietal pericardium.
The order of the layers of the heart from inside to outside is the epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, and parietal pericardium.
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What are the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle called?
What are the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle called?
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The space between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium contains approximately ______ milliliters of fluid.
The space between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium contains approximately ______ milliliters of fluid.
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Match the following components of the heart with their functions:
Match the following components of the heart with their functions:
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Where do the coronary arteries originate?
Where do the coronary arteries originate?
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The left and right coronary arteries are located on the inside of the heart.
The left and right coronary arteries are located on the inside of the heart.
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What is the term for the small branches that come off the coronary arteries?
What is the term for the small branches that come off the coronary arteries?
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What is the role of the superior and inferior vena cava?
What is the role of the superior and inferior vena cava?
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The left side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood.
The left side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood.
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What are the two phases of the heart's cycle?
What are the two phases of the heart's cycle?
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The blood travels from the right atrium through the _______ valve into the right ventricle.
The blood travels from the right atrium through the _______ valve into the right ventricle.
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Match the following cardiac structures with their functions:
Match the following cardiac structures with their functions:
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Which valve is also known as the bicuspid valve?
Which valve is also known as the bicuspid valve?
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The pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
The pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
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What color is the blood represented on the right side of the heart, and why?
What color is the blood represented on the right side of the heart, and why?
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What is the purpose of the atrial kick?
What is the purpose of the atrial kick?
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The tricuspid and mitral valves remain closed when the ventricles contract.
The tricuspid and mitral valves remain closed when the ventricles contract.
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What are the two phases of the heart's systolic cycle?
What are the two phases of the heart's systolic cycle?
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The blood from the right ventricle is forced into the ________ through the pulmonic valve.
The blood from the right ventricle is forced into the ________ through the pulmonic valve.
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Match the following heart valves to their functions:
Match the following heart valves to their functions:
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What percentage of blood in the ventricles comes from the atria during the diastolic phase?
What percentage of blood in the ventricles comes from the atria during the diastolic phase?
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The left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary artery.
The left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary artery.
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What happens when the atria contract?
What happens when the atria contract?
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What causes the 'dub' sound in the heart?
What causes the 'dub' sound in the heart?
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The normal stroke volume in adults is 50 milliliters.
The normal stroke volume in adults is 50 milliliters.
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What is cardiac output?
What is cardiac output?
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The normal heart rate in adults ranges from _____ beats per minute.
The normal heart rate in adults ranges from _____ beats per minute.
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If the heart rate is 74 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 70 milliliters, what is the cardiac output?
If the heart rate is 74 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 70 milliliters, what is the cardiac output?
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Preload is the amount of blood that fills the ventricles before they _____ .
Preload is the amount of blood that fills the ventricles before they _____ .
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Cardiac output is unrelated to blood pressure.
Cardiac output is unrelated to blood pressure.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the main purpose of fluoroscopy in cardiac catheterization?
What is the main purpose of fluoroscopy in cardiac catheterization?
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A total blockage in the coronary artery will show a visible pathway when contrast dye is injected.
A total blockage in the coronary artery will show a visible pathway when contrast dye is injected.
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In balloon angioplasty, a _______ is inflated and deflated to break the plaque.
In balloon angioplasty, a _______ is inflated and deflated to break the plaque.
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What is injected to visualize blockages during cardiac catheterization?
What is injected to visualize blockages during cardiac catheterization?
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Only inpatient cardiac catheterizations require blood tests before the procedure.
Only inpatient cardiac catheterizations require blood tests before the procedure.
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What should be monitored in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization due to the use of contrast dye?
What should be monitored in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization due to the use of contrast dye?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
- The heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
- Valves separate the atria and ventricles (tricuspid and mitral valves), and the ventricles from the arteries (pulmonary and aortic valves).
- The heart muscle has three layers: epicardium (outer), myocardium (middle, muscular), and endocardium (inner).
- The myocardium is the thickest layer, responsible for contraction.
- The pericardium surrounds the heart, containing fluid to cushion and lubricate.
- Coronary arteries supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle and coronary veins return deoxygenated blood.
Heart Valves
- Tricuspid valve: between right atrium and right ventricle
- Mitral (bicuspid) valve: between left atrium and left ventricle
- Pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
- Aortic valve: between left ventricle and aorta
Blood Flow Through the Heart
- Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava.
- Blood flows through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
- Blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
- Blood returns from the lungs via the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
- Blood flows through the mitral valve to the left ventricle.
- Blood is pumped through the aortic valve into the aorta and to the rest of the body.
- Atrial contraction contributes about 25% of the blood flow to the ventricles.
Cardiac Cycle
- Diastole: relaxation phase, filling of the chambers
- Systole: contraction phase, ejection of blood
- Atrial systole: atrial contraction, forces blood into ventricles
- Ventricular systole: ventricular contraction, forces blood into arteries
- Lub-dub sounds: closing of the heart valves
Cardiac Output
- Stroke volume: amount of blood pumped per heartbeat (typically 70 mL)
- Heart rate: number of heartbeats per minute (typically 60-100 bpm)
- Cardiac output: amount of blood pumped per minute (stroke volume x heart rate)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the heart. This quiz covers the structure of the heart, its chambers, valves, and the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Understand the roles of different parts of the heart and their functions in maintaining proper circulation.
