24 Questions
Which term is used to describe an abnormal mass of tissue with uncoordinated and excessive growth?
Neoplasia
Which term is used for a malignant tumor of epithelial cell origin?
Carcinoma
Which term is used for a malignant tumor of mesodermal/mesenchymal origin, such as muscle, cartilage, or bone?
Sarcoma
What is the characteristic of benign tumors?
Remain localized at their site of origin
Which gene is a tumor suppressor gene associated with many types of cancer?
p53
Which gene is an oncogene commonly associated with cancer?
Ras
What is the term for the process by which tumors spread to distant sites?
Metastasis
Which characteristic of cancer is associated with the Warburg effect?
Altered cellular metabolism
Which virus is associated with the development of cervical cancer?
HPV
What is the term used for a new growth characterized by uncoordinated and excessive growth?
Neoplasia
What is the extent to which neoplastic parenchymal cells resemble corresponding normal parenchymal cells both morphologically and functionally?
Differentiation
What is a characteristic of benign tumors?
Encapsulation
What is a characteristic of malignant tumors?
Local invasion
What is a feature of anaplasia?
Presence of tumor giant cells
What is the term for migration of tumors to distant tissues via lymphatics or blood vessels?
Metastasis
What is the characteristic of malignant tumors in addition to anaplasia?
Local invasion
What is a characteristic of benign tumors in addition to well differentiation?
Minimal mitotic figures
What is the rate of growth for malignant tumors?
Erratic, may be slow to rapid
What is the characteristic of malignant tumors in addition to anaplasia and local invasion?
Frequent
What is the term for the migration of tumors to distant tissues via lymphatics or blood vessels?
Metastasis
Which of the following describes the replacement of one type of differentiated cell with another type?
Metaplasia
Which of the following is among the most common cancers in men?
Lung
What of the following cancers is included in the top 3 cancers than affect men and women?
Lung
Which type of cancer has the highest death rate for both men and women?
Lung
Study Notes
Cancer Terminology and Characteristics
- An abnormal mass of tissue with uncoordinated and excessive growth is referred to as a tumor.
- A malignant tumor originating from epithelial cells is termed carcinoma.
- A malignant tumor arising from mesodermal or mesenchymal tissues, like muscle or cartilage, is known as sarcoma.
- Benign tumors are typically well-differentiated, meaning their cells resemble normal cells both morphologically and functionally.
- TP53 is a key tumor suppressor gene linked to several cancer types, playing a critical role in cell cycle regulation.
- The gene MYC is an example of an oncogene, often implicated in various cancers due to its role in promoting cell proliferation.
- Tumors spread to distant sites through a process called metastasis.
- The Warburg effect describes the tendency of cancer cells to favor anaerobic metabolism, facilitating rapid growth and proliferation even in the presence of oxygen.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer.
- A new growth marked by uncoordinated and excessive growth is a general definition for neoplasm.
- The degree of differentiation of neoplastic parenchymal cells in relation to their normal counterparts defines differentiation.
- Besides being well-differentiated, benign tumors usually are non-invasive, maintaining a well-defined boundary.
- Malignant tumors tend to exhibit local invasion, damaging nearby tissues.
- Anaplasia is characterized by a loss of differentiation, where cells revert to a more primitive form, often indicating a more aggressive cancer.
- Malignant tumors show increased growth rates, often faster than benign tumors.
- Additional to anaplasia, malignant tumors exhibit invasion, penetrating surrounding tissues and structures.
- The migration of tumors to distal tissues via lymphatics or blood vessels is repeated as metastasis.
- The replacement of one type of differentiated cell with another is termed metaplasia.
- Among the most common cancers in men are prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers.
- The top three cancers affecting both men and women include breast, lung, and colorectal cancers.
- Lung cancer has the highest death rate for both men and women, reflecting its aggressive nature and late diagnosis.
Test your knowledge of carcinogenesis and tumor characteristics with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as risk factors, tumor progression, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes. Ideal for students of pathology, biology, or medical sciences.
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