Carbon and its Compounds Quiz

<p>14 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>alkene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propene (C3H6) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carboxylic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differing functional groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds and can also form chains and rings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bromopropane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxides of nitrogen and sulfur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldehyde (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graphite (C) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrophilic tails of the soap molecules are oriented towards the interior of the micelle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon's ability to form multiple bonds with itself, resulting in long chains, branched chains, and ring structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agitation helps to release the trapped dirt from the fabric and disperse it in the water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detergents have charged ends that do not form precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diamond's structure is a three-dimensional network, while graphite's structure is planar and layered. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms share electrons, leading to a stable arrangement where the outermost shell of each atom is filled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The soap molecules react with calcium and magnesium ions to form an insoluble precipitate called scum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon exhibits a unique combination of tetravalency and catenation, allowing for diverse chain structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocarbons with the same functional group but different carbon chain lengths belong to a homologous series. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propanone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A spherical molecule with carbon atoms arranged in a soccer ball-like structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its tetravalency and property of catenation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electrons in covalent compounds are localized and cannot easily break free from the bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C3H6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethene (C2H4) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion of vegetable oils into margarine and other solid fats. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The soap molecules react with calcium and magnesium salts, causing a precipitate to form. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon's small atomic size allows for a strong attraction between the shared electrons and the nucleus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silicon has a larger atomic size, leading to weaker bond strength and instability in long chains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soap solutions appear cloudy because the micelles scatter light. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturated compounds contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon compounds are found in a wide variety of materials, including fuels, food, and plastics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CH3COOH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Halide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graphite is a layered structure with strong bonds within each layer and weak forces between the layers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleus of carbon is too small to effectively attract and hold ten electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrangement of carbon atoms in their crystal structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while intermolecular forces depend on temporary fluctuations in electron distribution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methane (CH4) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shared electrons contribute to the filling of the valence shell of both atoms, achieving electronic stability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon shares its four valence electrons with four hydrogen atoms, forming four single covalent bonds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon has four valence electrons, which can efficiently share electrons with other atoms through covalent bonding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reactivity of elements is influenced by their tendency to attain noble gas configuration, achieved through gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetic acid (CH3COOH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong intermolecular forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (H2O) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorine shares an electron with another chlorine atom in its diatomic state, resulting in a stable octet for both atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen forms three covalent bonds with another nitrogen atom, resulting in a triple bond. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high pressure forces carbon atoms to bond in a tetrahedral structure, forming diamond. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High conductivity of graphite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coal forms when decaying plant matter is subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years, transforming it into carbon-rich rock. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethyne and air contain too much nitrogen, which dilutes the combustion and reduces the temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethanol is a good solvent for many organic and inorganic compounds, facilitating mixing and absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent, removing water molecules from ethanol. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It slows down metabolic processes by depressing the central nervous system, leading to various impairments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidation reaction, where ethanol gains oxygen and loses hydrogen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unsaturated fatty acids are less likely to accumulate in blood vessels, reducing the risk of heart disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium reacts with ethanol to produce sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as catalysts, speeding up the reaction without being consumed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reaction where one atom or a group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methanol is oxidized to methanal in the liver, a highly toxic compound that can damage cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are formed from ancient organisms buried under layers of earth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon particles are heated to incandescence, emitting light in the visible spectrum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pure ethanol depresses the central nervous system to a much greater extent than dilute alcohol, potentially leading to respiratory failure and death. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon compounds generally form covalent bonds, which do not result in the formation of free ions. (B), The carbon atoms in compounds form strong bonds, making it difficult for electrons to move freely. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon compounds are more likely to have lower melting points. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon's role in biological processes, like photosynthesis, leads to its diverse compounds. (A), Carbon's ability to form a wide variety of complex and stable molecules. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salt (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic compounds are primarily formed between metals and nonmetals, while carbon compounds are formed between nonmetals. (A), Ionic compounds involve the sharing, while carbon compounds involve the transfer of electrons. (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Typically form strong covalent bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon can form multiple bonds with other atoms, allowing for a diverse range of structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon compounds have weaker intermolecular forces holding them together. (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To render the ethanol undrinkable and prevent misuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CH3COOCH2CH3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethanoic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It freezes at temperatures commonly found in glaciers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the rate of the reaction without being consumed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neutralization reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A colorless gas is evolved, which turns lime water milky (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a cleaner burning fuel, producing fewer harmful emissions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trap the dirt and remove it from fabric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrophilic ionic end (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oil molecules are non-polar, while water molecules are polar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To illustrate the role of soap in emulsifying oil and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because oil does not dissolve in water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With the ionic end submerged in water and the hydrocarbon tail protruding out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To interact with dirt particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophilic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attract and dissolve polar substances like water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocarbons with more carbon atoms are generally less reactive because the electron density is spread over a larger molecule. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethene has a double bond between its carbon atoms, while ethane has a single bond. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>—OH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C2H2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CnH2n+2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms, leading to different properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical properties, while a homologous series is a group of compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethene (C2H4) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unsaturated hydrocarbons have more double or triple bonds, making them more reactive due to the presence of pi electrons, which are readily available for chemical reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyclohexane contains a ring structure, while hexane has a linear structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heteroatoms are responsible for the different functional groups present in a hydrocarbon. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boiling points increase as molecular mass increases, due to stronger intermolecular forces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C2H5Cl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14 u (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon is significant in both elemental and combined forms, found in many compounds.

Substances made of carbon that play essential roles in various fields, like food and medicine.

The earth's crust contains only 0.02% carbon, mainly in minerals.

The atmosphere has 0.03% carbon dioxide, crucial for life and respiration.

A type of bond in which carbon atoms share electrons, forming a stable compound.

Most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity compared to ionic compounds.

Carbon compounds generally have lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.

Carbon is known for forming various compounds that are essential to life and industries.

Diamonds created in labs, identical to natural ones.

A class of carbon allotropes, includes C-60.

First fullerene identified, shaped like a soccer ball.

Different forms of carbon with varying properties.

Rigid 3D structure where each carbon bonds with four others.

Carbon atoms arranged in layers, forming hexagonal arrays.

Ability of carbon to bond with itself, forming long chains.

Carbon compounds with only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Carbon compounds with double or triple bonds.

Carbon’s capacity to form four bonds with other atoms.

Carbon compounds primarily formed from living things.

Chemist who disproved 'vital force' theory in 1828.

A simple hydrocarbon (C2H6) formed from carbon and hydrogen.

Diagram showing valence electrons of atoms in a molecule.

The combining capacity of carbon, which is four.

A group of two or more atoms bonded together.

A chemical bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

An electron arrangement similar to that of the closest noble gas.

A molecule composed of two atoms of the same or different elements.

A covalent bond consisting of one shared pair of electrons.

A covalent bond with two shared pairs of electrons.

A covalent bond involving three pairs of shared electrons.

Carbon has four valence electrons to form bonds.

A compound formed by nitrogen and hydrogen with a specific bond structure.

The simplest hydrocarbon, formed from one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.

Temperatures at which a solid becomes a liquid or a liquid becomes a gas.

Forces of attraction between molecules.

The distribution of electrons in an atom's shells.

Different molecular structures lead to different properties despite both being carbon.

The molecular formula for butane, with straight and branched structures.

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.

A cyclic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H12.

Compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen.

Saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more double bonds.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more triple bonds.

Specific groups in carbon compounds that determine their properties.

A series of compounds differing by a CH2 unit, sharing the same functional group.

The combining power of an atom, usually measured by the number of hydrogen atoms it can bond.

A cyclic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H6, characterized by a ring structure.

A process where not enough oxygen is present during burning, leading to soot formation.

Coal and petroleum are formed from ancient biomass under geological conditions.

Substances that can add oxygen to other substances, promoting oxidation.

The conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid through oxidation processes.

Hydrocarbons with single bonds only, making them less reactive.

Hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds, more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons.

Substances that increase the rate of a reaction without being consumed.

A reaction where an atom or group is replaced by another atom or group.

The removal of water from ethanol to form ethene using concentrated sulfuric acid.

Consuming ethanol can impair judgment and coordination, leading to health issues.

Methanol can be deadly in small amounts due to its rapid conversion in the body.

Natural fuels like coal and oil formed from the remains of ancient living organisms.

The process where hydrogen gas is released during a reaction, such as with sodium and ethanol.

Biomass decays under high pressure and heat to form fossil fuels like coal and oil.

Ethanol made undrinkable by adding toxic substances, like methanol.

Commonly known as acetic acid, a carboxylic acid found in vinegar.

Pure ethanoic acid, solid at low temperatures (290 K).

Weak acids characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) group.

Reaction between an acid and an alcohol to form an ester.

A structure formed by soap molecules with hydrophobic tails inward and ionic heads outward.

Conversion of an ester back to alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid.

The part of a soap molecule that repels water and attracts oil.

The water-attracting part of a soap molecule that dissolves in water.

Ethanoic acid reacts with bases to produce salts and water.

The salt produced from ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide.

A mixture where very small pieces are suspended, like soap in water.

Water that contains high levels of calcium and magnesium, causing soap scum.

Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates releasing carbon dioxide.

Structures formed by soap molecules in water; hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends.

A white curdy substance formed when soap reacts with hard water.

Part of the soap molecule that repels water.

A cleansing agent that works better in hard water than soap.

The process of shaking or stirring to help remove dirt during washing.

Part of the soap molecule that interacts with water.

5-8% solution of acetic acid in water, used as a preservative.

Ethanol is used as a cleaner fuel additive in gasoline.

Methanol affects the optic nerve, potentially causing blindness.

Soaps emulsify oily dirt due to their hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.

The force that prevents micelles from aggregating in solution.

Ethanol is an alcohol; ethanoic acid is a carboxylic acid, different properties.

Hard water ions react with soap, forming scum instead of lather.

The system for naming carbon compounds using prefixes and suffixes based on functional groups.

A sequence of carbon atoms bonded together, forming the backbone of organic compounds.

A chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing heat and light.

An organic compound containing a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon atom.

A gas produced from the combustion of carbon-containing substances.

Elements at the end of a compound name indicating its functional group.

Letters added before a compound's name to indicate substituents or branches.

Chemical equations describing the burning of substances in oxygen.

Removing 'e' from the carbon chain name when a suffix that starts with a vowel is added.

Harmful substances produced during the burning of carbon compounds, such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides.