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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of covalent bond formation?
What is a characteristic feature of covalent bond formation?
- It involves the transfer of electrons between atoms.
- It typically occurs between metals and nonmetals.
- It results from the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. (correct)
- It is always stronger than ionic bonding.
Which property makes carbon a versatile element in organic chemistry?
Which property makes carbon a versatile element in organic chemistry?
- Its tendency to form salts with metals.
- Its high electronegativity compared to most elements.
- Its capacity to form stable bonds with a variety of elements. (correct)
- Its ability to form only single bonds.
Which of the following is NOT an allotrope of carbon?
Which of the following is NOT an allotrope of carbon?
- Graphite
- Silicon carbide (correct)
- Fullerenes
- Diamond
What is true about the structures of carbon allotropes?
What is true about the structures of carbon allotropes?
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In carbon nomenclature, which prefix denotes a molecule with three carbon atoms?
In carbon nomenclature, which prefix denotes a molecule with three carbon atoms?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Covalent Bond Formation
- Involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
- Leads to the formation of molecules with different geometries and bond angles.
- Energy is released when covalent bonds form, making them stable structures.
- Common in non-metal atoms that tend to have similar electronegativities.
Versatility of Carbon in Organic Chemistry
- Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form four covalent bonds.
- This enables the creation of a diverse range of compounds, including chains, rings, and complex structures.
- Carbon's ability to form stable bonds with itself and different elements contributes to the vast array of organic molecules.
Allotropes of Carbon
- Common allotropes include diamond, graphite, fullerene, and graphene.
- Not all carbon forms are classified as allotropes; for example, carbon black is not considered an allotrope of carbon.
Carbon Nomenclature and Prefixes
- The prefix "prop-" is used to denote a molecule with three carbon atoms in organic chemistry.
- Nomenclature is essential for systematically naming and identifying organic compounds.
Structures of Carbon Allotropes
- Carbon allotropes differ in their atomic arrangements leading to distinct physical and chemical properties.
- Diamond has a tetrahedral structure providing high rigidity and excellent hardness.
- Graphite consists of layered sheets that allow for conductivity and lubricating properties.
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