Carbon and its Compounds Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two consecutive members of a homologous series of organic compounds?

The molecular formula of any two consecutive members of a homologous series differ by CH₂ units.

Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and 3rd member of the homologous series where the first member is ethyne.

The 2nd member is propyne: C₃H₄, and the 3rd member is butyne: C₄H₆.

Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of the series of carbon compounds whose general formula is C_nH_2n.

The 2nd member is propene with the formula C₃H₆.

Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and the 3rd member of the homologous series whose first member is methane.

The 2nd member is ethane: C2H6, and the 3rd member is propane: C3H8. Signup and view all the answers

Which element exhibits the property of catenation to the maximum extent and why?

Carbon exhibits the property of catenation to the maximum extent. This is because carbon atoms can readily form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, allowing for the formation of long chains and branched structures. These C-C bonds are very stable, which explains the large number of carbon containing compounds that exist. Signup and view all the answers

Draw the electron dot structure of nitrogen molecule

The electron dot structure of nitrogen is: :N:::N: Signup and view all the answers

Ethane, with the molecular formula C₂H₆, has

7 covalent bonds (B) Signup and view all the answers

State the reason why carbon can neither form C⁴⁺ cations nor C^4- anions, but forms covalent compounds. Also, state reasons to explain why covalent compounds:

Carbon cannot form C4+ cations or C4- anions because it has 4 valence electrons. Losing all 4 electrons would require a lot of energy, and gaining 4 electrons would make the carbon atom too small to hold 10 electrons. Covalent compounds are formed by sharing of electrons, and they don't have free electrons required for electricity transfer, which is why they are bad conductors. Covalent compounds also have low melting and boiling points because the weak intermolecular forces between bonds require less energy to break than ionic bonds. Therefore, covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points. Signup and view all the answers

Give reasons for the following: (i) Element carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonding. (ii) Diamond has a high melting point. (iii) Graphite is a good conductor of electricity

(i) Carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonding because it has 4 valence electrons. This allows it to share electrons with other atoms to form covalent bonds, creating a diverse range of molecules. (ii) Diamond has a high melting point because each carbon atom in diamond is bonded to four other carbon atoms via strong covalent bonds. The 3D network structure is rigid and requires significant energy to break these bonds, resulting in a very high melting point. (iii) Graphite is a good conductor of electricity because it has delocalized electrons. These electrons can move freely throughout the layers of the graphite structure, allowing for electric current flow. Signup and view all the answers

Carbon, a member of group 14, forms a large number of carbon compounds, estimated to be about three million. Why is this property not exhibited by other elements of this group?

The ability of carbon to form a large number of compounds is primarily due to its unique properties of catenation and tetravalency. Catenation allows carbon atoms to form long chains and rings, while tetravalency enables each carbon atom to form four covalent bonds. Other elements in group 14, such as silicon, germanium, tin, and lead, have weaker bonds between their atoms, limiting their ability to form long chains and complex structures. They are also less prone to catenation, due to the weaker bonds between the atoms. Signup and view all the answers

(a) Why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity? (b) Write the name and structure of a saturated compound in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring. Give the number of single bonds present in this compound.

(a) Most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity because they primarily form covalent bonds. These bonds involve the sharing of electrons, which are tightly held within the molecule. They don't have free electrons that can move freely, which is necessary for electrical conductivity. (b) Cyclohexane is a saturated compound with a ring structure. There are six carbon atoms arranged in a ring, and each carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms. Cyclohexane has a total of 12 single bonds: 6 between carbon atoms and 6 between carbon and hydrogen atoms. Signup and view all the answers

(a) Explain why carbon forms covalent bonds? Give two reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds (b) Explain the formation of ammonia molecules.

(a) Carbon forms covalent bonds because it has 4 valence electrons and tends to share these electrons with other atoms to achieve a stable octet. Carbon has a small atomic size, so it can form strong covalent bonds with other atoms, leading to the formation of a wide range of organic compounds. Two reasons for carbon to form a large number of compounds are its tendency to form chains and rings, and its ability to form single, double, and triple bonds. (b) Ammonia molecules are formed by the reaction of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. The nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons and shares 3 of these with 3 hydrogen atoms to form 3 covalent bonds to achieve a stable octet. The remaining 2 electrons are non-bonding and represent a lone pair on the nitrogen atom. Signup and view all the answers

Assertion: Carbon has the ability to form long carbon chains. Reason: Carbon has a unique property of ability to chain and branched chains called catenation.

Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Assertion: Second number of alkane is ethane (C₂H₆). Reason: It is obtained from general formula C_nH_2n+2.

Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Carbon Bonding

Carbon atoms form compounds by sharing their valence electrons with other carbon atoms or other elements to achieve stability.

Allotropes of Carbon

The element carbon exists in different forms in nature with widely different physical properties.

Diamond Structure

In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms in a three-dimensional, rigid structure.

Graphite Structure

In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms, forming six-membered rings in a planar structure.