Carbon and its Compounds Quiz

The molecular formula of any two consecutive members of a homologous series differ by CH₂ units.

The 2nd member is propyne: C₃H₄, and the 3rd member is butyne: C₄H₆.

The 2nd member is propene with the formula C₃H₆.

<p>The 2nd member is ethane: <strong>C₂H₆</strong>, and the 3rd member is propane: <strong>C₃H₈</strong>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon exhibits the property of catenation to the maximum extent. This is because carbon atoms can readily form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, allowing for the formation of long chains and branched structures. These C-C bonds are very stable, which explains the large number of carbon containing compounds that exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electron dot structure of nitrogen is: :N:::N:</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon cannot form C⁴⁺ cations or C^4- anions because it has 4 valence electrons. Losing all 4 electrons would require a lot of energy, and gaining 4 electrons would make the carbon atom too small to hold 10 electrons. Covalent compounds are formed by sharing of electrons, and they don't have free electrons required for electricity transfer, which is why they are bad conductors. Covalent compounds also have low melting and boiling points because the weak intermolecular forces between bonds require less energy to break than ionic bonds. Therefore, covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(i) Carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonding because it has 4 valence electrons. This allows it to share electrons with other atoms to form covalent bonds, creating a diverse range of molecules. (ii) Diamond has a high melting point because each carbon atom in diamond is bonded to four other carbon atoms via strong covalent bonds. The 3D network structure is rigid and requires significant energy to break these bonds, resulting in a very high melting point. (iii) Graphite is a good conductor of electricity because it has delocalized electrons. These electrons can move freely throughout the layers of the graphite structure, allowing for electric current flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of carbon to form a large number of compounds is primarily due to its unique properties of catenation and tetravalency. Catenation allows carbon atoms to form long chains and rings, while tetravalency enables each carbon atom to form four covalent bonds. Other elements in group 14, such as silicon, germanium, tin, and lead, have weaker bonds between their atoms, limiting their ability to form long chains and complex structures. They are also less prone to catenation, due to the weaker bonds between the atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(a) Most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity because they primarily form covalent bonds. These bonds involve the sharing of electrons, which are tightly held within the molecule. They don't have free electrons that can move freely, which is necessary for electrical conductivity. (b) Cyclohexane is a saturated compound with a ring structure. There are six carbon atoms arranged in a ring, and each carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms. Cyclohexane has a total of 12 single bonds: 6 between carbon atoms and 6 between carbon and hydrogen atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(a) Carbon forms covalent bonds because it has 4 valence electrons and tends to share these electrons with other atoms to achieve a stable octet. Carbon has a small atomic size, so it can form strong covalent bonds with other atoms, leading to the formation of a wide range of organic compounds. Two reasons for carbon to form a large number of compounds are its tendency to form chains and rings, and its ability to form single, double, and triple bonds. (b) Ammonia molecules are formed by the reaction of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. The nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons and shares 3 of these with 3 hydrogen atoms to form 3 covalent bonds to achieve a stable octet. The remaining 2 electrons are non-bonding and represent a lone pair on the nitrogen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.</p> Signup and view all the answers