30 Questions
What are the three well-known allotropes of carbon?
Graphite, diamond, and buckminsterfullerene
Which allotrope of carbon is a good conductor of electricity?
Graphite
How many carbon atoms is each carbon atom bonded to in graphite?
Three
What gives diamond its hardness?
Its rigid three-dimensional structure
What percentage of carbon is found in the Earth's crust?
0.02%
How are synthetic diamonds formed?
By subjecting pure carbon to very high pressure and temperature
What is the general formula for saturated hydrocarbons?
CnH2n+2
Which class of carbon allotropes was the first to be identified and has carbon atoms arranged in the shape of a football?
Fullerene
What property allows carbon atoms to form straight chains, branched chains, or rings of different sizes by self-linkage?
Catenation
What is the unique property of self-linkage of carbon atoms to form straight chains, branched chains, or rings of different sizes called?
Catenation
What is the electronic configuration of carbon?
2 electrons in KL shell and 4 electrons in L shell
Which compound cannot form lather in hard water?
Soap
What type of compounds are formed by the reaction of castor with sodium hydroxide?
Soaps
What are compounds that consist of at least one aromatic ring called?
Arenes
What is the class of compounds which consist of a single, double, or triple bond between carbon-carbon atoms?
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
What is the unique property of diamond that distinguishes it from graphite?
Rigid three-dimensional structure
How are synthetic diamonds typically produced?
Subjecting pure carbon to high pressure and temperature
What is the term for an element having different physical properties but similar chemical properties in different forms?
Allotropes
Which allotrope of carbon forms layers of hexagonal arrays bonded in a plane?
Graphite
What is the percentage of carbon found in the Earth's crust?
0.02%
What is the general term for compounds consisting of at least one aromatic ring?
Arenes
Which type of hydrocarbons consist of at least one aromatic ring?
Arenes
What is the general formula for alkynes?
CnH2n-2
What is the unique property of carbon atoms to form straight chains, branched chains, or rings of different sizes by self-linkage called?
Catenation
What is the electronic configuration of carbon?
2 electrons in KL shell and 4 electrons in L shell
What are compounds formed by the reaction of castor with sodium hydroxide called?
Soaps
Which allotrope of carbon cannot form lather in hard water?
Fullerene
What is the percentage of carbon found in the Earth's crust?
~0.1%
How many carbon atoms is each carbon atom bonded to in graphite?
Two
How are synthetic diamonds formed?
High pressure and high temperature (HPHT) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
Study Notes
Allotropes of Carbon
- Three well-known allotropes: diamond, graphite, and fullerene.
- Graphite is a good conductor of electricity due to its delocalized electrons.
Structure and Properties
- In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in a planar structure, forming layers.
- Diamond’s hardness is attributed to its rigid three-dimensional tetrahedral structure, where each carbon atom is bonded to four others.
- Carbon's unique property of forming chains and rings by self-linkage is known as catenation.
Earth and Carbon
- Approximately 0.02% of the Earth's crust is composed of carbon.
- Synthetic diamonds are formed through high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) methods or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
Chemical Compounds and Hydrocarbons
- General formula for saturated hydrocarbons: CnH2n+2.
- Compounds formed by the reaction of castor oil with sodium hydroxide are called soaps.
- Compounds with at least one aromatic ring are categorized as aromatic compounds.
- Class of compounds with single, double, or triple bonds between carbon atoms are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.
- Alkynes, a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons, have the general formula CnH2n-2.
Unique Properties and Configurations
- The electronic configuration of carbon is 1s² 2s² 2p².
- The tendency of carbon to form various structures like straight chains, branched chains, or rings is called tetravalency.
- Diamond's unique property is its exceptional hardness, contrasted with graphite's lubricating layers.
Miscellaneous
- Compounds that cannot form lather in hard water are typically soap-related compounds.
- An element exhibiting different physical properties but similar chemical properties in various forms is termed an allotrope.
- The specific allotrope with layers of hexagonal arrays bonded in planes is graphite.
Test your knowledge about carbon and its compounds, including its importance in fuels, household and commercial articles, textile fabrics, perfumes, explosives, and more. Explore the concept of allotropes of carbon and its various forms with different physical properties but similar chemical properties.
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