Carbon and its Compounds: Functional Groups and Heteroatoms

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What type of carbon compounds are normally not very reactive?

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds

Saturated compounds (correct)

Unsaturated compounds

What is the formula of ethane?

C2H4

C3H8

C2H6 (correct)

CH4

How are the valencies of carbon atoms in saturated compounds satisfied?

By isolating themselves from other elements

By forming double bonds

By having unsatisfied valencies

By bonding to hydrogen atoms with single bonds (correct)

What is the name of a compound with the formula C2H4?

Ethene Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the reactivity of carbon compounds with increasing saturation?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

In the electron dot structure of ethane, how many hydrogen atoms does each carbon atom bond to?

Three hydrogen atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of carbon present in the earth's crust in the form of minerals?

0.02% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being based on carbon in the text?

Metals Signup and view all the answers

Why is carbon considered a versatile element?

Because it is present in many compounds used in daily life Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is mentioned as a compound containing carbon in the text?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What makes carbon significant to humans according to the text?

Being the basis for various daily life materials Signup and view all the answers

In what form is carbon found in the atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to refer to an element that replaces hydrogen in a hydrocarbon chain?

Heteroatom Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functional groups is represented by -OH?

Alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What do free valencies of a functional group in a carbon compound indicate?

The specific properties conferred by the functional group Signup and view all the answers

In carbon compounds, what is the term used for the group -Cl and -Br?

Halogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the important functional groups mentioned in Table 4.3?

Ester Signup and view all the answers

What does a homologous series in carbon compounds refer to?

Chains with similar structures but different functional groups Signup and view all the answers

What type of functional group does propanone contain?

Ketone Signup and view all the answers

In the molecule CH3Cl, how many covalent bonds are present?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What causes the bottom of a cooking vessel to get blackened on the outside?

The fuel is not burning completely Signup and view all the answers

How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be distinguished based on their physical and chemical properties?

Ethanol has a fruity smell, while ethanoic acid has a vinegar-like smell. Signup and view all the answers

Why are carbon and its compounds commonly used as fuels?

They have high calorific values and are easily available. Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap?

The soap reacts with the water minerals to form insoluble salts. Signup and view all the answers

What physical properties increase with increasing molecular mass in a homologous series?

Melting and boiling points Signup and view all the answers

How are the chemical properties of compounds in a homologous series primarily determined?

By the functional group Signup and view all the answers

Which compound has a molecular formula that shows an increase of CH2 between CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH, and C4H9OH?

C3H7OH to C4H9OH Signup and view all the answers

In naming carbon compounds, what part of the compound's structure is used to determine the name?

Number of carbon atoms and functional group Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a carbon compound's name indicates the nature of the functional group present?

Prefix Signup and view all the answers

What naming method is used for carbon compounds with functional groups?

"Prefix" naming method Signup and view all the answers