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Questions and Answers
What type of carbohydrate is sucrose?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
Which of the following is an animal-based source of carbohydrates?
Where does the majority of carbohydrate digestion take place?
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What is the term for the storage form of carbohydrates in the liver and muscles?
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What is a benefit of adequate fiber intake?
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Study Notes
Types of Carbohydrates
-
Simple Carbohydrates (Sugars):
- Monosaccharides (single sugar molecules): glucose, fructose, galactose
- Disaccharides (two sugar molecules): sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), maltose
-
Complex Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides):
- Oligosaccharides (3-10 sugar molecules): raffinose, stachyose
- Polysaccharides (more than 10 sugar molecules): starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Energy Source: broken down into glucose, which is used by cells for energy production
- Structural Role: provide structure and support for cells and tissues (e.g., cellulose in plant cell walls)
- Glycogen Storage: stored in liver and muscles for quick energy release
Sources of Carbohydrates
- Plant-based Sources: fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes
- Animal-based Sources: milk, honey, dairy products
Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates
- Mouth: salivary amylase breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars
- Small Intestine: pancreatic amylase and brush border enzymes break down carbohydrates into simple sugars
- Absorption: simple sugars absorbed into bloodstream through intestinal walls
Importance of Carbohydrates
- Primary Energy Source: provide energy for brain, nervous system, and red blood cells
- Fiber: promotes digestive health, satiety, and blood sugar control
- Essential for Health: inadequate carbohydrate intake can lead to fatigue, weakness, and impaired cognitive function
Carbohydrates
Classification
- Simple Carbohydrates (Sugars) consist of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) and disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose)
- Complex Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides) include oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose) and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin)
Functions
Energy Production
- Broken down into glucose for energy production in cells
Structural Role
- Provide structure and support for cells and tissues (e.g., cellulose in plant cell walls)
Glycogen Storage
- Stored in liver and muscles for quick energy release
Sources
Plant-based Sources
- Include fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes
Animal-based Sources
- Include milk, honey, dairy products
Digestion and Absorption
Mouth
- Salivary amylase breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars
Small Intestine
- Pancreatic amylase and brush border enzymes break down carbohydrates into simple sugars
Absorption
- Simple sugars absorbed into bloodstream through intestinal walls
Importance
Primary Energy Source
- Provide energy for brain, nervous system, and red blood cells
Fiber
- Promotes digestive health, satiety, and blood sugar control
Essential for Health
- Inadequate carbohydrate intake can lead to fatigue, weakness, and impaired cognitive function
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of carbohydrates, including simple and complex carbohydrates, and their functions in the body.
