Carbohydrates: Structure and Nomenclature

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Questions and Answers

What is the main type of stereoisomer found in cyclic carbohydrates?

  • Anomers (correct)
  • Epimers
  • Diastereomers
  • Enantiomers

What is the primary storage form of glucose in animals?

  • Cellulose
  • Glycogen (correct)
  • Starch
  • Chitin

What triggers the degradation of glycogen during fasting or exercise?

  • Glucagon (correct)
  • Enzymes
  • Hormones
  • Insulin

What is the term for the synthesis of glycogen?

<p>Glycogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates?

<p>Gluconeogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many glucose units are linked together to form glycogen?

<p>Thousands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general structure of carbohydrates?

<p>Organic compounds organized in the form of aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups coming off the carbon chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of carbohydrates in nerve tissue?

<p>They are the energy source for the brain and aid in the regulation of nerve tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fiber-rich carbohydrates in the body?

<p>They help to prevent constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of stereoisomers in carbohydrates?

<p>Stereochemistry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of carbohydrates in the biosynthesis of fats and proteins?

<p>They are intermediates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of all carbohydrates?

<p>Monosaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the name 'carbohydrate'?

<p>From the basic molecular formula (CH2O)n (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix used to denote five carbon atoms in a carbohydrate?

<p>Penta- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrates contain an aldehyde group (H-C=O)?

<p>Aldoses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond that forms in many carbohydrates to create a cyclic structure?

<p>A bond between the carbonyl carbon and a hydroxyl group on another carbon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of glucose based on the number of carbon atoms?

<p>Hexose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of carbohydrate that is composed of three to seven carbon atoms?

<p>Monosaccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of waxes that makes them suitable for cosmetic applications?

<p>They provide a high gloss finish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following models of the biological membrane is also known as the 'fluid mosaic model'?

<p>Singer and Nicolson's fluid mosaic model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane in terms of transport?

<p>To regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the fluidity of the membrane?

<p>They increase the fluidity of the membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of steroids?

<p>They contain a ring system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the fluidity of the membrane?

<p>Protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of shorter fatty acid tails on membrane fluidity?

<p>More fluid membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane at high temperatures?

<p>It prevents excessive fluidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of movement in passive transport?

<p>From an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source required for active transport?

<p>ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Vitamin A (Retinol) in the body?

<p>Differentiation and rapid reproduction of epithelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of Vitamin A (Retinol) in plants?

<p>Carotenoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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