Carbohydrates: Structure and Nomenclature

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What is the main type of stereoisomer found in cyclic carbohydrates?

Anomers (correct)

Epimers

Diastereomers

Enantiomers

What is the primary storage form of glucose in animals?

Cellulose

Glycogen (correct)

Starch

Chitin

What triggers the degradation of glycogen during fasting or exercise?

Glucagon (correct)

Enzymes

Hormones

Insulin

What is the term for the synthesis of glycogen?

Glycogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

How many glucose units are linked together to form glycogen?

Thousands Signup and view all the answers

What is the general structure of carbohydrates?

Organic compounds organized in the form of aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups coming off the carbon chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of carbohydrates in nerve tissue?

They are the energy source for the brain and aid in the regulation of nerve tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fiber-rich carbohydrates in the body?

They help to prevent constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of stereoisomers in carbohydrates?

Stereochemistry Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of carbohydrates in the biosynthesis of fats and proteins?

They are intermediates Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of all carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the name 'carbohydrate'?

From the basic molecular formula (CH2O)n Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix used to denote five carbon atoms in a carbohydrate?

Penta- Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrates contain an aldehyde group (H-C=O)?

Aldoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond that forms in many carbohydrates to create a cyclic structure?

A bond between the carbonyl carbon and a hydroxyl group on another carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of glucose based on the number of carbon atoms?

Hexose Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of carbohydrate that is composed of three to seven carbon atoms?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of waxes that makes them suitable for cosmetic applications?

They provide a high gloss finish Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following models of the biological membrane is also known as the 'fluid mosaic model'?

Singer and Nicolson's fluid mosaic model Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane in terms of transport?

To regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the fluidity of the membrane?

They increase the fluidity of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of steroids?

They contain a ring system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the fluidity of the membrane?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of shorter fatty acid tails on membrane fluidity?

More fluid membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane at high temperatures?

It prevents excessive fluidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of movement in passive transport?

From an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source required for active transport?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Vitamin A (Retinol) in the body?

Differentiation and rapid reproduction of epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of Vitamin A (Retinol) in plants?

Carotenoids Signup and view all the answers