30 Questions
What is the main type of stereoisomer found in cyclic carbohydrates?
Anomers
What is the primary storage form of glucose in animals?
Glycogen
What triggers the degradation of glycogen during fasting or exercise?
Glucagon
What is the term for the synthesis of glycogen?
Glycogenesis
What is the term for the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates?
Gluconeogenesis
How many glucose units are linked together to form glycogen?
Thousands
What is the general structure of carbohydrates?
Organic compounds organized in the form of aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups coming off the carbon chain
What is the function of carbohydrates in nerve tissue?
They are the energy source for the brain and aid in the regulation of nerve tissue
What is the role of fiber-rich carbohydrates in the body?
They help to prevent constipation
What is the term for the study of stereoisomers in carbohydrates?
Stereochemistry
What is the function of carbohydrates in the biosynthesis of fats and proteins?
They are intermediates
What are the building blocks of all carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What is the origin of the name 'carbohydrate'?
From the basic molecular formula (CH2O)n
What is the prefix used to denote five carbon atoms in a carbohydrate?
Penta-
What type of carbohydrates contain an aldehyde group (H-C=O)?
Aldoses
What is the bond that forms in many carbohydrates to create a cyclic structure?
A bond between the carbonyl carbon and a hydroxyl group on another carbon
What is the classification of glucose based on the number of carbon atoms?
Hexose
What is the type of carbohydrate that is composed of three to seven carbon atoms?
Monosaccharides
What is the main characteristic of waxes that makes them suitable for cosmetic applications?
They provide a high gloss finish
Which of the following models of the biological membrane is also known as the 'fluid mosaic model'?
Singer and Nicolson's fluid mosaic model
What is the main function of the cell membrane in terms of transport?
To regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell
What is the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the fluidity of the membrane?
They increase the fluidity of the membrane
What is the main characteristic of steroids?
They contain a ring system
Which of the following is NOT a function of the fluidity of the membrane?
Protein synthesis
What is the effect of shorter fatty acid tails on membrane fluidity?
More fluid membrane
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane at high temperatures?
It prevents excessive fluidity
What is the direction of movement in passive transport?
From an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is the energy source required for active transport?
ATP
What is the function of Vitamin A (Retinol) in the body?
Differentiation and rapid reproduction of epithelial cells
What is the source of Vitamin A (Retinol) in plants?
Carotenoids
Learn about the naming convention of carbohydrates, their molecular formula, and classification into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Understand the basics of carbohydrate chemistry and nomenclature.
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