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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of polysaccharides?
What is the primary function of polysaccharides?
Which type of sugar is primarily formed through the elimination of water between a sugar and another hydroxy compound?
Which type of sugar is primarily formed through the elimination of water between a sugar and another hydroxy compound?
What structural formation do monosaccharides with five or more carbons mainly adopt?
What structural formation do monosaccharides with five or more carbons mainly adopt?
Which of the following describes the components of glycoproteins?
Which of the following describes the components of glycoproteins?
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What distinguishes aldoses from ketoses?
What distinguishes aldoses from ketoses?
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What is the primary role of glycogen in animal cells?
What is the primary role of glycogen in animal cells?
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Which carbohydrate is characterized by having β-1→4 glycosidic bonds and provides structural support in plants?
Which carbohydrate is characterized by having β-1→4 glycosidic bonds and provides structural support in plants?
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What type of carbohydrate is formed by two monosaccharide units?
What type of carbohydrate is formed by two monosaccharide units?
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What distinguishes reducing sugars from non-reducing sugars?
What distinguishes reducing sugars from non-reducing sugars?
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In glycolysis, which phase involves the investment of ATP?
In glycolysis, which phase involves the investment of ATP?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of monosaccharides?
Which of the following is a characteristic of monosaccharides?
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Which compound is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of insects?
Which compound is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of insects?
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Which metabolic pathway generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors?
Which metabolic pathway generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors?
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Identify the type of carbohydrates that are characterized as long chains of monosaccharide units.
Identify the type of carbohydrates that are characterized as long chains of monosaccharide units.
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What type of glycosidic bond is present in amylopectin?
What type of glycosidic bond is present in amylopectin?
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In the context of carbohydrate metabolism, what is the significance of signal transduction?
In the context of carbohydrate metabolism, what is the significance of signal transduction?
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Which structural feature distinguishes α and β anomers of carbohydrates?
Which structural feature distinguishes α and β anomers of carbohydrates?
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What is the primary function of the pentose phosphate pathway?
What is the primary function of the pentose phosphate pathway?
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What is the repeating unit of glycogen?
What is the repeating unit of glycogen?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates Structure and Function
- Carbohydrates are compounds with general formula (CH2O)n or derivatives of such compounds.
- Oxidation of carbohydrates provides a major source of energy.
- Carbohydrates can exist as enantiomeric pairs (D and L) of multiple diastereomers due to chiral centers.
- Monosaccharides can be aldoses or ketoses.
- Monosaccharides with five or more carbons exist mainly in the form of rings of five (furanoses) or six (pyranoses) atoms.
- Ring formation results from internal hemiacetal (or hemiketal) formation.
- α or β anomers are formed as a result of ring formation, and exhibit multiple conformations.
Derivatives
- Derivatives of monosaccharides include phosphate esters, acids, and lactones, amino sugars and glycosides.
- Phosphate esters are important as metabolic intermediates.
- Glycosides are a large class of compounds formed by elimination of water between a sugar and another hydroxy compound.
Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides
- Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are formed by making glycosidic links between monosaccharides.
- Polysaccharides serve multiple functions – energy storage, structure roles, and identification/recognition.
Blood Group Antigens
- Blood group antigens are an example of the identification/recognition function of polysaccharides.
- Complex glycan chains are assembled by stepwise transfer of monosaccharide units from nucleotide-linked sugars, through the action of glycosyltransferases.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of carbohydrates, including their structure, types, and functions. Explore topics such as monosaccharides, derivatives, and the significance of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Assess your understanding of carbohydrate chemistry and its role in biological systems.
