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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic of monosaccharides in terms of taste?
What is the characteristic of monosaccharides in terms of taste?
Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
What is the function of glycogen in animal cells?
What is the function of glycogen in animal cells?
Which of the following is a characteristic of polysaccharides?
Which of the following is a characteristic of polysaccharides?
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What is the function of cellulose in plant cells?
What is the function of cellulose in plant cells?
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What is the characteristic of cellulose in terms of digestibility?
What is the characteristic of cellulose in terms of digestibility?
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What is the smallest unit of a carbohydrate molecule?
What is the smallest unit of a carbohydrate molecule?
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What type of bond forms between monosaccharides to create a polysaccharide?
What type of bond forms between monosaccharides to create a polysaccharide?
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What is the general formula for monosaccharides?
What is the general formula for monosaccharides?
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What is the name of the monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms in each molecule?
What is the name of the monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms in each molecule?
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What is the process by which a polysaccharide is broken down into monosaccharides?
What is the process by which a polysaccharide is broken down into monosaccharides?
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What is the name of the bond formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
What is the name of the bond formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
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What are the two polysaccharides that starch is composed of?
What are the two polysaccharides that starch is composed of?
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What type of bonds join glucose molecules in amylose?
What type of bonds join glucose molecules in amylose?
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Why is starch suitable for energy storage?
Why is starch suitable for energy storage?
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What is the function of cellulose in plant cells?
What is the function of cellulose in plant cells?
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What is the characteristic of cellulose molecules?
What is the characteristic of cellulose molecules?
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What can be used to test for the presence of reducing sugars?
What can be used to test for the presence of reducing sugars?
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What is the result of the condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?
What is the result of the condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?
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What type of glycosidic bond is formed between two alpha glucose molecules in the formation of maltose?
What type of glycosidic bond is formed between two alpha glucose molecules in the formation of maltose?
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Which monosaccharides are condensed to form sucrose?
Which monosaccharides are condensed to form sucrose?
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What is the characteristic of glycogen that allows for quick energy release?
What is the characteristic of glycogen that allows for quick energy release?
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What is the reason why glycogen does not affect the water potential of cells?
What is the reason why glycogen does not affect the water potential of cells?
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What type of glucose molecules are involved in the formation of starch?
What type of glucose molecules are involved in the formation of starch?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
- Simple sugars, cannot be broken down into simpler sugars
- Examples:
- Glucose (dextrose or grape sugar)
- Fructose (fruit sugar)
- Galactose (milk sugar)
- Characteristics:
- Sweet taste
- Soluble in water
- Can be fermented by yeast
Disaccharides
- Composed of two monosaccharides linked together
- Examples:
- Sucrose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose
- Lactose (milk sugar) = glucose + galactose
- Maltose = glucose + glucose
- Characteristics:
- Can be broken down into two monosaccharides
- Soluble in water
Polysaccharides
- Composed of three or more monosaccharides linked together
- Examples:
- Starch (plant energy storage)
- Glycogen (animal energy storage)
- Cellulose (plant structural component)
- Characteristics:
- Insoluble in water
- Can be broken down into simpler sugars
Glycogen
- A polysaccharide stored in animal liver and muscle cells
- Composed of glucose molecules linked together
- Function:
- Energy storage for quick energy release
- Characteristics:
- Similar to starch, but more branched
- Rapidly broken down into glucose for energy
Cellulose
- A polysaccharide composing plant cell walls
- Composed of glucose molecules linked together
- Function:
- Provides structural support to plants
- Characteristics:
- Insoluble in water
- Not digestible by humans, but important for fiber intake
Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be broken down into simpler sugars
- Examples: glucose, fructose, galactose
- Characteristics: sweet taste, soluble in water, can be fermented by yeast
Disaccharides
- Composed of two monosaccharides linked together
- Examples: sucrose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose, lactose (milk sugar) = glucose + galactose, maltose = glucose + glucose
- Characteristics: can be broken down into two monosaccharides, soluble in water
Polysaccharides
- Composed of three or more monosaccharides linked together
- Examples: starch (plant energy storage), glycogen (animal energy storage), cellulose (plant structural component)
- Characteristics: insoluble in water, can be broken down into simpler sugars
Glycogen
- A polysaccharide stored in animal liver and muscle cells
- Composed of glucose molecules linked together
- Function: energy storage for quick energy release
- Characteristics: similar to starch, but more branched, rapidly broken down into glucose for energy
Cellulose
- A polysaccharide composing plant cell walls
- Composed of glucose molecules linked together
- Function: provides structural support to plants
- Characteristics: insoluble in water, not digestible by humans, but important for fiber intake
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Description
Learn about the different types of carbohydrates, including monosaccharides and disaccharides. Understand their characteristics and examples.
