24 Questions
What is the characteristic of monosaccharides in terms of taste?
Sweet
Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
Sucrose
What is the function of glycogen in animal cells?
Stores energy for quick energy release
Which of the following is a characteristic of polysaccharides?
Insoluble in water
What is the function of cellulose in plant cells?
Provides structural support to plants
What is the characteristic of cellulose in terms of digestibility?
Not digestible by humans, but important for fiber intake
What is the smallest unit of a carbohydrate molecule?
Monosaccharide
What type of bond forms between monosaccharides to create a polysaccharide?
Glycosidic bond
What is the general formula for monosaccharides?
(CH2O)n
What is the name of the monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms in each molecule?
Glucose
What is the process by which a polysaccharide is broken down into monosaccharides?
Hydrolysis
What is the name of the bond formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
Glycosidic bond
What are the two polysaccharides that starch is composed of?
Amylose and amylopectin
What type of bonds join glucose molecules in amylose?
Alpha-1, 4 glycosidic bonds
Why is starch suitable for energy storage?
It is insoluble and compact, allowing for a lot of energy to be stored in a small space
What is the function of cellulose in plant cells?
To provide structural support and stop the cell wall from bursting
What is the characteristic of cellulose molecules?
Long, unbranched chains of beta glucose
What can be used to test for the presence of reducing sugars?
Benedict's reagent
What is the result of the condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?
A molecule of water is produced
What type of glycosidic bond is formed between two alpha glucose molecules in the formation of maltose?
1, 4 glycosidic bond
Which monosaccharides are condensed to form sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
What is the characteristic of glycogen that allows for quick energy release?
It has a large number of side branches
What is the reason why glycogen does not affect the water potential of cells?
It is insoluble in water
What type of glucose molecules are involved in the formation of starch?
Only alpha glucose
Study Notes
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
- Simple sugars, cannot be broken down into simpler sugars
- Examples:
- Glucose (dextrose or grape sugar)
- Fructose (fruit sugar)
- Galactose (milk sugar)
- Characteristics:
- Sweet taste
- Soluble in water
- Can be fermented by yeast
Disaccharides
- Composed of two monosaccharides linked together
- Examples:
- Sucrose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose
- Lactose (milk sugar) = glucose + galactose
- Maltose = glucose + glucose
- Characteristics:
- Can be broken down into two monosaccharides
- Soluble in water
Polysaccharides
- Composed of three or more monosaccharides linked together
- Examples:
- Starch (plant energy storage)
- Glycogen (animal energy storage)
- Cellulose (plant structural component)
- Characteristics:
- Insoluble in water
- Can be broken down into simpler sugars
Glycogen
- A polysaccharide stored in animal liver and muscle cells
- Composed of glucose molecules linked together
- Function:
- Energy storage for quick energy release
- Characteristics:
- Similar to starch, but more branched
- Rapidly broken down into glucose for energy
Cellulose
- A polysaccharide composing plant cell walls
- Composed of glucose molecules linked together
- Function:
- Provides structural support to plants
- Characteristics:
- Insoluble in water
- Not digestible by humans, but important for fiber intake
Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be broken down into simpler sugars
- Examples: glucose, fructose, galactose
- Characteristics: sweet taste, soluble in water, can be fermented by yeast
Disaccharides
- Composed of two monosaccharides linked together
- Examples: sucrose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose, lactose (milk sugar) = glucose + galactose, maltose = glucose + glucose
- Characteristics: can be broken down into two monosaccharides, soluble in water
Polysaccharides
- Composed of three or more monosaccharides linked together
- Examples: starch (plant energy storage), glycogen (animal energy storage), cellulose (plant structural component)
- Characteristics: insoluble in water, can be broken down into simpler sugars
Glycogen
- A polysaccharide stored in animal liver and muscle cells
- Composed of glucose molecules linked together
- Function: energy storage for quick energy release
- Characteristics: similar to starch, but more branched, rapidly broken down into glucose for energy
Cellulose
- A polysaccharide composing plant cell walls
- Composed of glucose molecules linked together
- Function: provides structural support to plants
- Characteristics: insoluble in water, not digestible by humans, but important for fiber intake
Learn about the different types of carbohydrates, including monosaccharides and disaccharides. Understand their characteristics and examples.
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