Carbohydrates in Biology Quiz

Molecules that form the building blocks of living things.

Biomolecules primarily composed of carbon combined with hydrogen and other elements (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur).

Biomolecules that do NOT contain carbon.

Organic compounds mainly containing carbon and -OH groups; a major energy source.

Complex carbohydrates; multiple sugar units linked.

Elements that combine to form organic molecules of living organisms.

Organic compounds primarily containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often in a 1:2:1 ratio, used by living organisms for energy.

Simple sugars, the fundamental building blocks of carbohydrates.

Short chains of monosaccharides.

Complex carbohydrates formed by long chains of monosaccharides.

The process by which plants use sunlight to produce carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide.

Sugars composed of few or single sugar units

Sugars with multiple sugar molecules linked together.

The simplest carbohydrates, soluble in water, white when crystallized, and sweet. Cells use them for energy.

Bonds break (C-C and C-H), and new bonds form (C-O). If breaking bonds have more energy, it releases energy.

(CH₂O)ₙ, where n is the number of carbon atoms.

Monosaccharides have 3 to 7 carbon atoms in a chain.

Monosaccharides with 3 carbon atoms, like Glyceraldehyde.

Monosaccharides with 4 carbon atoms, like Erythrose and Erythrulose.

Monosaccharides with 5 carbon atoms, like Ribose and Ribulose.

Monosaccharides with 6 carbon atoms, like Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose.

Monosaccharides with 7 carbon atoms, like Sedoheptulose.

Saccharose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.

Lactose is a disaccharide made of galactose and glucose.

Maltose is a disaccharide made of two glucose molecules.

Saccharose is obtained from sugar cane or sugar beets.

Lactose is found in milk.

Maltose comes from malt.

Two simple sugars (monosaccharides) joined together.

Monosaccharides are either aldoses (aldehyde group at end) or ketoses (ketone group in middle).

Derivatives of monosaccharides result from adding other functional groups.

Monosaccharides react with acids to form esters.

Oligosaccharides are 2-10 monosaccharides linked together.

Oligosaccharides are sweet, white (when crystallized), and water-soluble.

Adding water breaks down oligosaccharides into the individual monosaccharides.

Oligosaccharides with two monosaccharides.

Oligosaccharides with three monosaccharides.

Oligosaccharides are important energy sources in living things.

Carbohydrates broken down into more than 10 monosaccharide units, linked by O-glycosidic bonds, forming linear or branched chains.

Polysaccharides repeating the same monosaccharide unit (e.g., starch, cellulose).

Polysaccharides with different monosaccharide units (e.g., hyaluronic acid).

Plant energy storage polysaccharide, found in grains, legumes, and tubers; branches every 24-30 glucose units.

Animal energy storage polysaccharide, stored in the liver and muscles; branches every 8-12 glucose units.

Starch and glycogen store energy for later use in plants and animals.