25 Questions
What is one of the primary functions of carbohydrates in biological systems?
To provide energy through oxidation
What is the term used to describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
Biomolecules
What is an additional role that carbohydrates play in biological systems?
To form part of the structures of some cells and tissues
What is not a function of carbohydrates mentioned in the passage?
To break down proteins
What is the result of carbohydrate oxidation in biological systems?
The release of stored energy
What is the result of linking two monosaccharides together through a glycosidic linkage?
A disaccharide
What is the name of the new bond formed between carbon and oxygen?
Glycosidic linkage
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
Covalent bond
What is the name of the disaccharide that is formed from two monosaccharides?
Sucrose
What happens to the ring structure of a sugar molecule once a glycoside is formed?
The ring can no longer open up to the open-chain form
How many monosaccharide units are found in oligosaccharides?
3-10
What is a characteristic of glycosides?
They are not reducing sugars
What is an example of an oligosaccharide?
Raffinose
What is the result of the formation of a glycoside on the sugar molecule?
The sugar molecule becomes less reactive
What is a key feature of the glycosidic linkage?
It is a strong, covalent bond
What is the typical outcome of a reaction between a monosaccharide aldehyde or ketone with an OH group and a basic solution of Cu2+?
Formation of a red-orange precipitate
What is the name of the copper compound formed in the reaction with Benedict's reagent?
Copper(I) oxide
What is the purpose of using Benedict's reagent in a reaction?
To test for the presence of monosaccharides
Which of the following molecules is NOT a reactant in the oxidation reaction with Benedict's reagent?
Copper(I) oxide
What is the characteristic of the monosaccharides that react with Benedict's reagent?
They have an OH group on the carbon next to the carbonyl group
What is the characteristic of the chains of monosaccharide units in polysaccharides?
Either in straight or branched chains
Which of the following is NOT a type of polysaccharide?
Protein
What is the number of monosaccharide units in polysaccharides?
Hundreds or thousands
What is the term for the individual units that make up polysaccharides?
Monosaccharides
What is the main difference between polysaccharides and other types of carbohydrates?
The number of monosaccharide units
Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Compounds of tremendous biological importance
- Provide energy through oxidation
- Supply carbon for the synthesis of cell components
- Serve as a form of stored chemical energy
- Form part of the structures of some cells and tissues
Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates, along with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other compounds are known as biomolecules
- Closely associated with living organisms
Glycosidic Linkage
- The new carbon-oxygen bond formed between two monosaccharides
- Once the glycoside is formed, the ring can no longer open up to the open-chain form
- Glycosides are not reducing sugars
Oxidation of Monosaccharides
- Aldehydes and ketones with an OH group on the carbon next to the carbonyl group react with a basic solution of Cu2+ (Benedict's reagent) to form a red-orange precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu2O)
Disaccharides
- Consist of two monosaccharide units linked together by a covalent bond (e.g., sucrose)
- Formed through a glycosidic linkage between two monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides
- Oligosaccharides: contain from 3 to 10 monosaccharide units (e.g., raffinose)
- Polysaccharides: contain very long chains of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide units, which may be either in straight or branched chains (e.g., cellulose, glycogen, starch)
This quiz covers the importance of carbohydrates in biological systems, including their role in energy production, cell synthesis, and storage. It also touches on biomolecules and their components.
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