Biomolecules and Carbohydrates
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of carbohydrates in biological systems?

  • To replicate DNA
  • To break down proteins
  • To provide energy through oxidation (correct)
  • To synthesize lipids

    • What is the term used to describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

  • Metabolic compounds
  • Biomolecules (correct)
  • Organic compounds
  • Bioactive molecules

    • What is an additional role that carbohydrates play in biological systems?

  • To regulate gene expression
  • To digest proteins
  • To form part of the structures of some cells and tissues (correct)
  • To absorb light energy

    • What is not a function of carbohydrates mentioned in the passage?

    <p>To break down proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of carbohydrate oxidation in biological systems?

    <p>The release of stored energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of linking two monosaccharides together through a glycosidic linkage?

    <p>A disaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the new bond formed between carbon and oxygen?

    <p>Glycosidic linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disaccharide that is formed from two monosaccharides?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ring structure of a sugar molecule once a glycoside is formed?

    <p>The ring can no longer open up to the open-chain form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many monosaccharide units are found in oligosaccharides?

    <p>3-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of glycosides?

    <p>They are not reducing sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an oligosaccharide?

    <p>Raffinose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the formation of a glycoside on the sugar molecule?

    <p>The sugar molecule becomes less reactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the glycosidic linkage?

    <p>It is a strong, covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome of a reaction between a monosaccharide aldehyde or ketone with an OH group and a basic solution of Cu2+?

    <p>Formation of a red-orange precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the copper compound formed in the reaction with Benedict's reagent?

    <p>Copper(I) oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Benedict's reagent in a reaction?

    <p>To test for the presence of monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is NOT a reactant in the oxidation reaction with Benedict's reagent?

    <p>Copper(I) oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the monosaccharides that react with Benedict's reagent?

    <p>They have an OH group on the carbon next to the carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the chains of monosaccharide units in polysaccharides?

    <p>Either in straight or branched chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of polysaccharide?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of monosaccharide units in polysaccharides?

    <p>Hundreds or thousands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the individual units that make up polysaccharides?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between polysaccharides and other types of carbohydrates?

    <p>The number of monosaccharide units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrates

    • Compounds of tremendous biological importance
    • Provide energy through oxidation
    • Supply carbon for the synthesis of cell components
    • Serve as a form of stored chemical energy
    • Form part of the structures of some cells and tissues

    Biomolecules

    • Carbohydrates, along with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other compounds are known as biomolecules
    • Closely associated with living organisms

    Glycosidic Linkage

    • The new carbon-oxygen bond formed between two monosaccharides
    • Once the glycoside is formed, the ring can no longer open up to the open-chain form
    • Glycosides are not reducing sugars

    Oxidation of Monosaccharides

    • Aldehydes and ketones with an OH group on the carbon next to the carbonyl group react with a basic solution of Cu2+ (Benedict's reagent) to form a red-orange precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu2O)

    Disaccharides

    • Consist of two monosaccharide units linked together by a covalent bond (e.g., sucrose)
    • Formed through a glycosidic linkage between two monosaccharides

    Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides

    • Oligosaccharides: contain from 3 to 10 monosaccharide units (e.g., raffinose)
    • Polysaccharides: contain very long chains of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide units, which may be either in straight or branched chains (e.g., cellulose, glycogen, starch)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the importance of carbohydrates in biological systems, including their role in energy production, cell synthesis, and storage. It also touches on biomolecules and their components.

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