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Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary functions of carbohydrates in biological systems?
What is one of the primary functions of carbohydrates in biological systems?
- To replicate DNA
- To break down proteins
- To provide energy through oxidation (correct)
- To synthesize lipids
What is the term used to describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
What is the term used to describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
- Metabolic compounds
- Biomolecules (correct)
- Organic compounds
- Bioactive molecules
What is an additional role that carbohydrates play in biological systems?
What is an additional role that carbohydrates play in biological systems?
- To regulate gene expression
- To digest proteins
- To form part of the structures of some cells and tissues (correct)
- To absorb light energy
What is not a function of carbohydrates mentioned in the passage?
What is not a function of carbohydrates mentioned in the passage?
What is the result of carbohydrate oxidation in biological systems?
What is the result of carbohydrate oxidation in biological systems?
What is the result of linking two monosaccharides together through a glycosidic linkage?
What is the result of linking two monosaccharides together through a glycosidic linkage?
What is the name of the new bond formed between carbon and oxygen?
What is the name of the new bond formed between carbon and oxygen?
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
What is the name of the disaccharide that is formed from two monosaccharides?
What is the name of the disaccharide that is formed from two monosaccharides?
What happens to the ring structure of a sugar molecule once a glycoside is formed?
What happens to the ring structure of a sugar molecule once a glycoside is formed?
How many monosaccharide units are found in oligosaccharides?
How many monosaccharide units are found in oligosaccharides?
What is a characteristic of glycosides?
What is a characteristic of glycosides?
What is an example of an oligosaccharide?
What is an example of an oligosaccharide?
What is the result of the formation of a glycoside on the sugar molecule?
What is the result of the formation of a glycoside on the sugar molecule?
What is a key feature of the glycosidic linkage?
What is a key feature of the glycosidic linkage?
What is the typical outcome of a reaction between a monosaccharide aldehyde or ketone with an OH group and a basic solution of Cu2+?
What is the typical outcome of a reaction between a monosaccharide aldehyde or ketone with an OH group and a basic solution of Cu2+?
What is the name of the copper compound formed in the reaction with Benedict's reagent?
What is the name of the copper compound formed in the reaction with Benedict's reagent?
What is the purpose of using Benedict's reagent in a reaction?
What is the purpose of using Benedict's reagent in a reaction?
Which of the following molecules is NOT a reactant in the oxidation reaction with Benedict's reagent?
Which of the following molecules is NOT a reactant in the oxidation reaction with Benedict's reagent?
What is the characteristic of the monosaccharides that react with Benedict's reagent?
What is the characteristic of the monosaccharides that react with Benedict's reagent?
What is the characteristic of the chains of monosaccharide units in polysaccharides?
What is the characteristic of the chains of monosaccharide units in polysaccharides?
Which of the following is NOT a type of polysaccharide?
Which of the following is NOT a type of polysaccharide?
What is the number of monosaccharide units in polysaccharides?
What is the number of monosaccharide units in polysaccharides?
What is the term for the individual units that make up polysaccharides?
What is the term for the individual units that make up polysaccharides?
What is the main difference between polysaccharides and other types of carbohydrates?
What is the main difference between polysaccharides and other types of carbohydrates?
Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Compounds of tremendous biological importance
- Provide energy through oxidation
- Supply carbon for the synthesis of cell components
- Serve as a form of stored chemical energy
- Form part of the structures of some cells and tissues
Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates, along with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other compounds are known as biomolecules
- Closely associated with living organisms
Glycosidic Linkage
- The new carbon-oxygen bond formed between two monosaccharides
- Once the glycoside is formed, the ring can no longer open up to the open-chain form
- Glycosides are not reducing sugars
Oxidation of Monosaccharides
- Aldehydes and ketones with an OH group on the carbon next to the carbonyl group react with a basic solution of Cu2+ (Benedict's reagent) to form a red-orange precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu2O)
Disaccharides
- Consist of two monosaccharide units linked together by a covalent bond (e.g., sucrose)
- Formed through a glycosidic linkage between two monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides
- Oligosaccharides: contain from 3 to 10 monosaccharide units (e.g., raffinose)
- Polysaccharides: contain very long chains of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide units, which may be either in straight or branched chains (e.g., cellulose, glycogen, starch)
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Description
This quiz covers the importance of carbohydrates in biological systems, including their role in energy production, cell synthesis, and storage. It also touches on biomolecules and their components.
