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Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply) What are the three main types of carbohydrates?
Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply) What are the three main types of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are primarily made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Carbohydrates are primarily made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
True
What is the primary energy storage in plants?
What is the primary energy storage in plants?
starch
The process of breaking down a disaccharide into two monosaccharides is called ______.
The process of breaking down a disaccharide into two monosaccharides is called ______.
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What is the primary energy source of the body?
What is the primary energy source of the body?
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Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.
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What type of fatty acids can raise cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease?
What type of fatty acids can raise cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease?
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What is the main difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?
What is the main difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?
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Which of these is NOT a function of proteins?
Which of these is NOT a function of proteins?
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Proteins are made up of monomers called amino acids.
Proteins are made up of monomers called amino acids.
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What is the primary role of enzymes in the body?
What is the primary role of enzymes in the body?
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Which of these types of proteins are involved in transmitting signals between cells and organs?
Which of these types of proteins are involved in transmitting signals between cells and organs?
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The ______ system is commonly used to determine the energy content of food based on its macronutrient composition.
The ______ system is commonly used to determine the energy content of food based on its macronutrient composition.
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The Atwater System assigns a value of 9 kcal per gram of fat.
The Atwater System assigns a value of 9 kcal per gram of fat.
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Which of the following is considered a reliable result?
Which of the following is considered a reliable result?
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Science is a static field with unchanging facts and principles.
Science is a static field with unchanging facts and principles.
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What does it mean to be intellectually honest in science?
What does it mean to be intellectually honest in science?
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Which of these is NOT a key domain of science identified by scientists?
Which of these is NOT a key domain of science identified by scientists?
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What is the primary purpose of data tables and graphs in science?
What is the primary purpose of data tables and graphs in science?
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The SI system is based on powers of 10, while the Imperial system uses a more inconsistent system of units.
The SI system is based on powers of 10, while the Imperial system uses a more inconsistent system of units.
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are compounds primarily made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1.
- Carbohydrates are a source and storage of energy, and may have structural roles.
- They are essential for brain and muscle function.
- Carbohydrates are vital for maintaining blood sugar levels.
Biological Functions of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates provide structural support in plants.
- Carbohydrates are sweet and soluble in water.
- They lower water potential by increasing solute concentration, causing water to move via osmosis.
- They are an immediate energy source for short bursts of activity.
Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be broken down further.
- They are the building blocks for more complex carbohydrates.
- Glucose is the primary energy source for the body, found in plants and animals.
- Fructose is commonly found in fruits and vegetables.
- Galactose is found in mammalian milk and milk products.
Disaccharides
- Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides join via dehydration reactions.
- A glycosidic bond is formed.
- Disaccharides can be broken down by hydrolysis.
- Examples include maltose (glucose + glucose), sucrose (fructose + glucose), and lactose (galactose + glucose).
Polysaccharides
- Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates formed from many monosaccharides.
- These are held together by glycosidic bonds.
- Starch is the primary energy storage in plants.
- Cellulose provides structural support for plant cell walls.
- Glycogen is the primary carbohydrate storage in mammals.
Lipids
- Lipids are organic compounds mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and a small amount of oxygen.
- They are non-polar and do not dissolve in water.
- Lipids include triglycerides (primary energy reservoirs), and phospholipids (cell membrane structure).
Triglycerides
- Composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
- Dehydration reactions form ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids.
- Hydrolysis breaks down triglycerides by adding water.
Types of Fatty Acids
- Saturated fats: No double bonds, solid at room temperature, found in animal products, and increase heart disease risk.
- Unsaturated fats: At least one double bond, liquid at room temperature, found in plant-based foods, and can lower cholesterol.
Trans Fats
- Formed by hydrogenation of liquid oils.
- Found in processed foods.
- Increase bad cholesterol and lower good cholesterol, raise heart disease risk.
Phospholipids
- Similar to triglycerides but with a phosphate group replacing one fatty acid.
- Have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails.
- Form a bilayer in water, crucial for cell membrane structure, serving as a barrier for molecule passage.
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Description
Explore the essential role of carbohydrates in biology with this quiz. Learn about their structure, function, and importance for energy and health. Test your understanding of monosaccharides and their role as building blocks for complex carbohydrates.
