25 Questions
What is the energy yield of carbohydrates?
4 cal/g
Carbohydrates serve as precursors for which types of organic compounds?
Fats and amino acids
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?
Providing 9 cal/g of energy
Carbohydrates are the most abundant source of which of the following?
Energy
In what amount do carbohydrates provide energy?
4 cal/g
What are chemicals or molecules present in living organisms called?
Biomolecules
What is the term for the total of different types of biomolecules, compounds, and ions in a cell?
Cellular pool
Which element is the chemistry of living organisms organized around?
Carbon
Biomolecules are compounds of which element?
Carbon
What is the most versatile and predominant element of life?
Carbon
Which type of molecules are carbohydrates?
Organic molecules
In what environment are carbohydrates most abundant?
Nature
What is the prevalence of carbohydrates in nature?
Most abundant
Carbohydrates can be described as which of the following?
Common in nature
Carbohydrates hold which position in abundance among organic molecules?
Most abundant
What are the polysaccharide components of starch?
Amylose and Amylopectin
Where is glycogen primarily found in animals?
Liver, muscles, and brain
Which of the following is the carbohydrate reserve in plants?
Starch
What is a common form of storage polysaccharides in plants?
Starch
From which repeating unit are both starch and glycogen made?
Glucose
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Which biomolecule is responsible for hereditary information?
DNA
What is the major function of RNA?
Protein synthesis
Which biomolecule uses fatty acids and glycerol as its building blocks?
Lipids
What is the major function of polysaccharides?
Storage form of energy
Study Notes
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are the most abundant source of energy, providing 4 calories per gram
- They serve as precursors for many organic compounds, such as fats and amino acids
Biomolecules
- Biomolecules are chemicals or molecules present in living organisms
- The sum total of different types of biomolecules, compounds, and ions present in a cell is called the cellular pool
- Biomolecules are compounds of carbon, making carbon the most versatile and predominant element of life
Major Complex Biomolecules
- Proteins: composed of amino acids, providing basic structure and function of cells
- DNA: composed of deoxyribonucleotides, carrying hereditary information
- RNA: composed of ribonucleotides, involved in protein synthesis
- Polysaccharides: composed of monosaccharides, serving as a storage form of energy
- Lipids: composed of fatty acids and glycerol, serving as a storage form of energy to meet long-term demands
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature
- They serve as a storage form of energy
Storage Polysaccharides
Starch
- Starch is the carbohydrate reserve of plants and the most important dietary source for animals
- It is found in high concentrations in cereals, roots, tubers, and vegetables
- Starch is a homopolymer made up of glucose units, also known as glucan
- It consists of two polysaccharide components: amylose and amylopectin
Glycogen
- Glycogen is the carbohydrate reserve in animals, also referred to as animal starch
- It is found in high concentrations in the liver, muscles, and brain
- It is also found in plants that do not have chlorophyll, such as yeast and fungi
- Glycogen is composed of glucose units, serving as a storage form of energy
Explore the functions of carbohydrates, including their role as an abundant source of energy and precursors for various organic compounds.
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