Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the energy yield of carbohydrates?
What is the energy yield of carbohydrates?
- 4 cal/g (correct)
- 6 cal/g
- 5 cal/g
- 3 cal/g
Carbohydrates serve as precursors for which types of organic compounds?
Carbohydrates serve as precursors for which types of organic compounds?
- Proteins and nucleic acids
- Vitamins and minerals
- Fats and amino acids (correct)
- Hormones and enzymes
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?
- Providing 9 cal/g of energy (correct)
- Being precursors for organic compounds
- Serving as a structural component of cell walls
- Providing energy
Carbohydrates are the most abundant source of which of the following?
Carbohydrates are the most abundant source of which of the following?
In what amount do carbohydrates provide energy?
In what amount do carbohydrates provide energy?
What are chemicals or molecules present in living organisms called?
What are chemicals or molecules present in living organisms called?
What is the term for the total of different types of biomolecules, compounds, and ions in a cell?
What is the term for the total of different types of biomolecules, compounds, and ions in a cell?
Which element is the chemistry of living organisms organized around?
Which element is the chemistry of living organisms organized around?
Biomolecules are compounds of which element?
Biomolecules are compounds of which element?
What is the most versatile and predominant element of life?
What is the most versatile and predominant element of life?
Which type of molecules are carbohydrates?
Which type of molecules are carbohydrates?
In what environment are carbohydrates most abundant?
In what environment are carbohydrates most abundant?
What is the prevalence of carbohydrates in nature?
What is the prevalence of carbohydrates in nature?
Carbohydrates can be described as which of the following?
Carbohydrates can be described as which of the following?
Carbohydrates hold which position in abundance among organic molecules?
Carbohydrates hold which position in abundance among organic molecules?
What are the polysaccharide components of starch?
What are the polysaccharide components of starch?
Where is glycogen primarily found in animals?
Where is glycogen primarily found in animals?
Which of the following is the carbohydrate reserve in plants?
Which of the following is the carbohydrate reserve in plants?
What is a common form of storage polysaccharides in plants?
What is a common form of storage polysaccharides in plants?
From which repeating unit are both starch and glycogen made?
From which repeating unit are both starch and glycogen made?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Which biomolecule is responsible for hereditary information?
Which biomolecule is responsible for hereditary information?
What is the major function of RNA?
What is the major function of RNA?
Which biomolecule uses fatty acids and glycerol as its building blocks?
Which biomolecule uses fatty acids and glycerol as its building blocks?
What is the major function of polysaccharides?
What is the major function of polysaccharides?
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Study Notes
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are the most abundant source of energy, providing 4 calories per gram
- They serve as precursors for many organic compounds, such as fats and amino acids
Biomolecules
- Biomolecules are chemicals or molecules present in living organisms
- The sum total of different types of biomolecules, compounds, and ions present in a cell is called the cellular pool
- Biomolecules are compounds of carbon, making carbon the most versatile and predominant element of life
Major Complex Biomolecules
- Proteins: composed of amino acids, providing basic structure and function of cells
- DNA: composed of deoxyribonucleotides, carrying hereditary information
- RNA: composed of ribonucleotides, involved in protein synthesis
- Polysaccharides: composed of monosaccharides, serving as a storage form of energy
- Lipids: composed of fatty acids and glycerol, serving as a storage form of energy to meet long-term demands
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature
- They serve as a storage form of energy
Storage Polysaccharides
Starch
- Starch is the carbohydrate reserve of plants and the most important dietary source for animals
- It is found in high concentrations in cereals, roots, tubers, and vegetables
- Starch is a homopolymer made up of glucose units, also known as glucan
- It consists of two polysaccharide components: amylose and amylopectin
Glycogen
- Glycogen is the carbohydrate reserve in animals, also referred to as animal starch
- It is found in high concentrations in the liver, muscles, and brain
- It is also found in plants that do not have chlorophyll, such as yeast and fungi
- Glycogen is composed of glucose units, serving as a storage form of energy
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