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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates

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Questions and Answers

What determines the classification of monosaccharides?

  • The type of glycosidic linkage and the number of hydrogen atoms
  • The number of double bonds and the spatial arrangement around the asymmetric C
  • The type of sugar monomers and the location of the carbonyl group
  • The location of the carbonyl group, the number of carbons in the carbon skeleton, and the spatial arrangement around the asymmetric C (correct)

    • Which type of sugar has the carbonyl group attached at the end of the carbon skeleton?

  • Ketose
  • Aldose (correct)
  • Glucose
  • Fructose

    • What is the composition of the disaccharide sucrose?

  • Glucose and glucose
  • Galactose and fructose
  • Glucose and fructose (correct)
  • Glucose and galactose

    • What type of bond joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

    <p>Glycosidic linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide is a storage polysaccharide in plants?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do humans and other vertebrates mainly store glycogen?

    <p>Liver and muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between starch and cellulose based on their glucose molecules?

    <p>The glycosidic linkages differ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glucose molecules form a helical polymer like starch?

    <p>Alpha-glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cellulose in human food?

    <p>Passes through the digestive tract as insoluble fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glycogen in animals?

    <p>Long-term energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the structure and function of a polysaccharide?

    <p>Sugar monomers and the glycosidic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a definition of a polymer?

    <p>A large molecule consisting of many identical building blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following macromolecules can form polymers?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule?

    <p>Condensation (Dehydration) Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when polymers are broken down into monomers using a water molecule?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following serves as fuel and building material?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major classes of biologically essential organic molecules are found in all living organisms?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reaction in which a water molecule is used during the breakdown of polymers?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule is NOT capable of forming polymers?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during a condensation (dehydration) reaction?

    <p>Two monomers bond together with the loss of a water molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of macromolecules primarily serves as a source of long-term energy storage?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of breaking down polymers into monomers?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule is the main component of cellular structures and is involved in cell signaling?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macromolecules are polymers built from monomers

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All four classes of macromolecules can form polymers

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A condensation (dehydration) reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrolysis is a process in which a water molecule is used during the breakdown of polymers

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates are one of the four major classes of biologically essential organic molecules found in all living organisms

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysaccharides primarily serve as a source of short-term energy storage

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids can form polymers

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycogen is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Starch and cellulose differ in the arrangement of their glucose molecules

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of cellulose in human food is to serve as a source of energy

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleic acids are capable of forming polymers

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monosaccharides are classified by the number of carbons in the carbon skeleton.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carbonyl group of an aldose sugar is attached within the carbon skeleton.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fructose is an example of an aldose sugar.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disaccharides are formed through a hydration reaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Starch consists entirely of fructose monomers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide in animals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose and starch are both polymers of glucose.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polymers such as cellulose with beta glucose are helical.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes that digest starch by hydrolyzing alpha linkages can also hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chitin is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and provides structural support for the cell walls of many fungi.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chitin is used to make a strong and flexible surgical thread.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose in human food is easily digested in the digestive tract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following macromolecules with their primary function:

    <p>Carbohydrates = Serve as fuel and building material Lipids = Source of long-term energy storage Proteins = Main component of cellular structures and involved in cell signaling Nucleic acids = Store and transmit genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>Polymer = Large molecule consisting of many identical building blocks Monomer = Identical building block of a polymer Condensation (Dehydration) Reaction = Occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule Hydrolysis = Process in which a water molecule is used during the breakdown of polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following macromolecules with their ability to form polymers:

    <p>Carbohydrates = Can form polymers Lipids = Cannot form polymers Proteins = Can form polymers Nucleic acids = Capable of forming polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following monosaccharide classification with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Aldose sugar = The carbonyl group is attached at the end of the carbon skeleton Ketose sugar = The carbonyl group is attached within the carbon skeleton Glucose = Aldose sugar Fructose = Ketose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disaccharides with their constituent monosaccharides:

    <p>Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Galactose + Glucose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Fructose = Galactose + Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following polysaccharides with their primary function:

    <p>Starch = Storage polysaccharide in plants Glycogen = Storage polysaccharide in animals Cellulose = Major component of the tough wall of plant cells Chitin = Found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and provides structural support for cell walls of fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following glucose forms with their corresponding structures:

    <p>Alpha-glucose = Forms helical polymers like starch Beta-glucose = Forms straight polymers like cellulose Starch = Formed from alpha-glucose molecules Cellulose = Formed from beta-glucose molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

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