Questions and Answers
What is the classification of monosaccharides based on the placement of the C=O group?
What is the term for a monosaccharide with three carbon atoms?
What is the type of bond that links two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
What is the term for a sugar with five carbon atoms?
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What is the biological significance of glucose?
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What is the term for a compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas?
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What is the classification of monosaccharides based on the number of carbon atoms?
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What is the term for a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose?
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What is the term for a sugar with six carbon atoms?
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What is the biological significance of lactose?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxy ketones, or complex substances that on hydrolysis yield polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
- General formula: Cm(H2O)n
- Exceptions include:
- Uronic acids: C6H9O7
- Fucose: C6H12O5
- Non-carbohydrates with formula of carbohydrates:
- Formaldehyde: CH2O
- Inositol: C6(H2O)6
Examples of Carbohydrates
- Glucose: major metabolic fuel of mammals
- Glycogen: storage in animals
- Starch: Storage in plants
- Cellulose: structure in plants and paper
- Chitin: structure in Arthropods
- Ribose: RNA, ATP, NAD
- Deoxyribose: DNA
- Lactose: milk
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Providing energy and regulating blood glucose
- Sparing the use of proteins for energy
- Breakdown of fatty acids
- Biological recognition processes
- Flavor and sweeteners
- Dietary fiber
Importance of Carbohydrates
- Necessary for regulation of nerve tissue and source of energy for the brain
- High in fiber, which helps prevent constipation
- Structural components
- Important for correct working of brain, heart, nervous, digestive, and immune systems
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides:
- Simplest, colorless, water-soluble, sweet, crystalline solids
- Classified according to:
- Placement of C=O group (Aldo, Keto)
- Number of Carbon atoms (tri, tetra, penta)
- Chiral Carbon handedness (D, L)
- Rotation of plane polarized light (d, l)
- Disaccharides:
- Examples include lactose, sucrose, maltose
- Formed by glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides
Isomerism
- In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
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Description
This quiz covers the definition and characteristics of carbohydrates, including their general formula, exceptions, and examples such as glucose and glycogen.
