Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the classification of monosaccharides based on the placement of the C=O group?
What is the classification of monosaccharides based on the placement of the C=O group?
What is the term for a monosaccharide with three carbon atoms?
What is the term for a monosaccharide with three carbon atoms?
What is the type of bond that links two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
What is the type of bond that links two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
What is the term for a sugar with five carbon atoms?
What is the term for a sugar with five carbon atoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the biological significance of glucose?
What is the biological significance of glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for a compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas?
What is the term for a compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the classification of monosaccharides based on the number of carbon atoms?
What is the classification of monosaccharides based on the number of carbon atoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose?
What is the term for a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for a sugar with six carbon atoms?
What is the term for a sugar with six carbon atoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the biological significance of lactose?
What is the biological significance of lactose?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxy ketones, or complex substances that on hydrolysis yield polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
- General formula: Cm(H2O)n
- Exceptions include:
- Uronic acids: C6H9O7
- Fucose: C6H12O5
- Non-carbohydrates with formula of carbohydrates:
- Formaldehyde: CH2O
- Inositol: C6(H2O)6
Examples of Carbohydrates
- Glucose: major metabolic fuel of mammals
- Glycogen: storage in animals
- Starch: Storage in plants
- Cellulose: structure in plants and paper
- Chitin: structure in Arthropods
- Ribose: RNA, ATP, NAD
- Deoxyribose: DNA
- Lactose: milk
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Providing energy and regulating blood glucose
- Sparing the use of proteins for energy
- Breakdown of fatty acids
- Biological recognition processes
- Flavor and sweeteners
- Dietary fiber
Importance of Carbohydrates
- Necessary for regulation of nerve tissue and source of energy for the brain
- High in fiber, which helps prevent constipation
- Structural components
- Important for correct working of brain, heart, nervous, digestive, and immune systems
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides:
- Simplest, colorless, water-soluble, sweet, crystalline solids
- Classified according to:
- Placement of C=O group (Aldo, Keto)
- Number of Carbon atoms (tri, tetra, penta)
- Chiral Carbon handedness (D, L)
- Rotation of plane polarized light (d, l)
- Disaccharides:
- Examples include lactose, sucrose, maltose
- Formed by glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides
Isomerism
- In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the definition and characteristics of carbohydrates, including their general formula, exceptions, and examples such as glucose and glycogen.
