61 Questions
Which type of carbohydrates are composed of many sugar molecules?
Complex carbohydrates
Which monosaccharide is known as grape sugar?
Glucose
What is the main function of glucose in the body?
To provide energy to body cells
Which monosaccharide is found naturally in milk and dairy foods?
Galactose
What happens when fructose is consumed?
Converted to glucose or stored as fat
Which carbohydrate represents the most abundant biomolecule on Earth?
Complex carbohydrates
What role does blood glucose play in regulating insulin hormone?
Blood glucose activates insulin release
Where is fructose commonly found?
In fruit juices
What is the primary source of glucose in the body?
Starch
What does galactose combine with to form lactose?
Glucose
Which type of sugar is hydrolyzed by the lactase enzyme in the intestine?
Lactose
Where is glycogen mainly present in the human body?
Liver
Which of the following fibers is classified as a dietary fiber?
Beans
In which food group do refined grains belong?
Grains
What is the primary role of carbohydrates in the body?
Energy production
Which disorder affects the body's ability to convert galactose to glucose?
Galactosemia
What is the main function of fibers in the body?
Prevent constipation
'Total fibers' in the diet can be calculated by adding which two components?
'Dietary fibers' and 'functional fibers'
What is the hallmark symptom of Pompe disease?
Muscle weakness
Which enzyme deficiency leads to Hurler syndrome?
Lysosomal enzyme for dermatan sulfate breakdown
What causes lactose intolerance?
Genetic defect leading to lactase deficiency
Which glycogen storage disease is also known as glycogen storage disease II?
Pompe disease
What is the role of glucose-6-phosphatase?
Breaks down glycogen to glucose
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of lactose intolerance?
Heart Disease
What is the purpose of sugar substitutes?
To provide sweetness without adding calories
Which term refers to the effect a food has on blood glucose levels?
Glycemic response
Which glycogen storage disease is associated with hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis?
Glycogen storage disease 1
What does glycemic load take into account that the glycemic index does not?
Carbohydrate amount in a serving of food
Which biomolecule is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms?
Carbohydrates
What is the primary function of glucose in the human body?
Provide energy to the body cells
Which type of carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed further?
Monosaccharides
What is the sweetest natural sugar among the following?
Fructose
'Sucrose' is composed of glucose and which other monosaccharide?
Fructose
What is the hallmark symptom of Pompe disease?
Tissue Damage
Which enzyme deficiency leads to Hurler syndrome?
lysosomal enzyme
What is the primary role of sugar substitutes?
Provide sweetness without adding calories
What is the primary source of glucose in the body?
Animal-based protein sources
What does glycemic response measure?
Effect of food on blood glucose levels
What enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing lactose in the intestine?
Sucrase
Which of the following serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria?
Glycogen
Which carbohydrate is considered the least sweet of all sugars?
Lactose
What is the main function of functional fibers in the diet?
Have beneficial effects on health
Which compound is synthesized and stored by plants like wheat, rice, corn, and potatoes?
Starch
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down maltose into glucose?
Maltase
Which of the following is a biological benefit of dietary fibers?
Reduce serum cholesterol levels
What is the primary function of glycogen in the human body?
Release glucose into the blood
What does a deficiency of lactase enzyme lead to in the body?
Lactose intolerance
Which carbohydrate is the animal version of starch?
Glycogen
What is the main source of carbohydrates in starchy vegetables like corn and lentils?
Starch
Which biomolecule is considered as the least sweet among all sugars?
Lactose
What type of fibers are indigestible polysaccharides that are natural components of plants?
'Dietary fibers'
'Total fibers' in the diet can be calculated by adding which two components?
'Dietary fibers' and 'Functional fibers'
Which of the following carbohydrates is the sweetest natural sugar?
Fructose
What is the main function of functional fibers in the diet?
Aid in digestion
Which monosaccharide combines with glucose to form lactose?
Galactose
What happens when fructose is consumed?
Converted to glucose or stored as fat
Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing lactose in the intestine?
Lactase
Which condition is characterized by abnormal accumulation of complex sugars in cells?
Hunter syndrome
What is the primary cause of Pompe disease?
Deficiency of acid maltase
Which source of protein is considered beneficial for individuals with Pompe disease?
Animal-based protein
What symptom is not associated with lactose intolerance?
Muscle weakness
Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Polysaccharides are carbohydrates composed of many sugar molecules.
- Grape sugar is another name for the monosaccharide glucose.
- Glucose plays a crucial role in the body as a primary source of energy for cells.
Monosaccharides
- Galactose is a monosaccharide found naturally in milk and dairy foods.
- Fructose is commonly found in fruits, honey, and some vegetables.
- When fructose is consumed, it is converted into glucose or stored as glycogen in the liver.
Glycogen and Glucose
- Glycogen is the most abundant biomolecule on Earth and is stored in the liver and muscles.
- Blood glucose plays a crucial role in regulating insulin hormone, which helps to lower blood glucose levels.
- The primary source of glucose in the body is the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver.
Lactose and Galactose
- Galactose combines with glucose to form lactose, a disaccharide.
- Lactose is hydrolyzed by the lactase enzyme in the intestine.
- Lactose intolerance occurs when the body is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency of lactase enzyme.
Fibers
- Dietary fibers are classified into soluble and insoluble fibers, which are indigestible polysaccharides found naturally in plants.
- Total fibers in the diet can be calculated by adding soluble and insoluble fibers.
- Functional fibers have beneficial physiological effects in the diet, including promoting regular bowel movements and supporting healthy blood sugar levels.
Glycogen Storage Diseases
- Pompe disease is a glycogen storage disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase, leading to an accumulation of glycogen in cells.
- Hurler syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase.
Enzymes and Reactions
- The enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels.
- Maltase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down maltose into glucose.
- Lactase is the enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing lactose in the intestine.
Test your knowledge on the classification of carbohydrates, including simple and complex carbohydrates, and monosaccharides. Learn about the role of carbohydrates in nutrition and their abundance in natural and processed foods.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
