Carbohydrates Classification and Functions

Study Notes

Classification of Carbohydrates

Simple Carbohydrates (Sugars):
- Monosaccharides (single sugar molecules):
  - Glucose (dextrose or grape sugar)
  - Fructose (fruit sugar)
  - Galactose (milk sugar)
- Disaccharides (two sugar molecules bonded together):
  - Sucrose (table sugar)
  - Lactose (milk sugar)
  - Maltose (malt sugar)
Complex Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides):
- Oligosaccharides (3-10 sugar molecules bonded together):
  - Raffinose (found in beans and cabbage)
  - Stachyose (found in beans and peas)
- Polysaccharides (long chains of sugar molecules):
  - Starch (found in plants, e.g., potatoes, corn)
  - Glycogen (found in animals, e.g., liver and muscle tissue)
  - Cellulose (found in plant cell walls)
  - Chitin (found in insect exoskeletons and crustacean shells)

Functions of Carbohydrates

Energy Source: Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy.
Structural Roles: Carbohydrates provide structure to cells and tissues, e.g., cellulose in plant cell walls.
Fiber: Carbohydrates can act as dietary fiber, promoting digestive health.

Importance of Carbohydrates in the Diet

Recommended Daily Intake: 45-65% of total daily calories should come from carbohydrates.
Good Sources: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and low-fat dairy products.
Limit: Refined carbohydrates, added sugars, and saturated fats.

Description

Learn about the classification of carbohydrates into simple and complex types, their functions in the body, and their importance in the diet. Discover the different types of carbohydrates, their roles, and recommended daily intake.