Monosaccharides and Glucose: Biological Molecules

The parallel chains are then held together by many ______ bonds, and the sheer number of ______ bonds provides strength.

Monomers join together by ______ reactions to make polymers.

Glucose, galactose and ______ are the three monosaccharides you need to know.

Cellulose is for ______ strength in plants.

Glycogen is for ______ storage in animals.

Starch is for ______ storage in plants.

There are three key ______ that you need to remember, and these are made from the three key monosaccharides you learned.

A ______ reaction creates a disaccharide.

The bond that forms is known as a ______ bond (highlighted in blue).

______ can be broken down back into monosaccharides via a hydrolysis reaction.

______ is found in plants, not in animal cells, and it is the major carbohydrate store.

Cellulose provides ______ support.

Hydrogen bonds form between different water molecules between the oxygen and a ______ atom.

Water is a ______ solvent, meaning many substances dissolve in it.

The slight positive charge on ______ atoms will attract any negative ions in solutes.

Water is involved in many reactions, such as ______, hydrolysis, and condensation reactions.

Water has a high ______ capacity, and it buffers temperature.

Polar molecules are often described as ______, meaning they are attracted to water.

Monosaccharides are ______ and are soluble in water.

All carbohydrates contain three ______: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Glucose is a ______ monosaccharide that can provide energy or be polymerised to form a structural support molecule.

Isomers are compounds that have the same ______, but the atoms are arranged differently.

Disaccharides are two monosaccharides bonded together by a ______ bond.

The bond that is formed by a condensation reaction is called a ______ bond.

Non-polar molecules, such as ______, cannot dissolve in water and are therefore described as hydrophobic.

The fact that many essential polar substances dissolve in water enables them to be transported easily around ______ and plants through blood or xylem.

This means that a lot of energy is required to raise the temperature of the ______ because some of the heat energy is used to break the hydrogen bonds between ______ molecules.

This provides a stable environment, in terms of temperature, for ______ organisms.

The ______ heat of vaporisation of water means that a lot of energy is required to convert water in its liquid state to a gaseous state.

Enzymes do not ______ or reduce activity with temperature fluctuations due to the high specific heat capacity of water.