Carbohydrates

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Questions and Answers

What is the general rule regarding the proportion of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a carbohydrate molecule?

There are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms (correct)

There are three times as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms

There are equal numbers of hydrogen and oxygen atoms

There are four times as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms

What is the basic unit structure of a carbohydrate?

Monomer

Polysaccharide

Saccharide (correct)

Oligosaccharide

How many saccharides does a polysaccharide contain?

More than 10 (correct)

3-10

What does the prefix 'mono' mean in the context of monosaccharides?

Single or one Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the word 'carbohydrate' derived from?

Carbon and water Signup and view all the answers

How is a disaccharide classified based on the number of saccharides it contains?

A carbohydrate with two saccharides Signup and view all the answers

What are macromolecules?

Molecules with a relatively large number of atoms Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about monosaccharides is correct?

They have the same chemical formula but differ in structure and atom arrangement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of disaccharides?

They are formed by joining two monosaccharides in their ring form. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes oligosaccharides from other carbohydrate types?

They contain three to 10 saccharides linked together. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes polysaccharides?

They consist of more than 10 saccharides linked together. Signup and view all the answers

What sets nonstarch polysaccharides apart from other carbohydrates?

They are complex carbohydrates and dietary fibers with different glycosidic linkages and chemical formulas. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the solubility of carbohydrates in water?

They are highly soluble in water due to their hydrophilic nature. Signup and view all the answers

What can carbohydrates be oxidized to?

Carboxylic acids Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of carbohydrates?

They have a sweet taste. Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for glucose, fructose, and galactose?

C6H12O6 Signup and view all the answers

Which disaccharide is made of glucose and fructose?

Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for sucrose, maltose, and lactose?

C12H22O11 Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is a polysaccharide glucose storage molecule for many animals?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for amylose and glycogen?

C6H10O5 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrate is cellulose?

Polysaccharide and fiber Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for cellulose?

C6H10O5 Signup and view all the answers

What property of carbohydrates allows them to be extremely soluble in water?

High number of hydroxyl groups attached Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates: Structures and Functions

Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose, sharing the same chemical formula but differing in structure and atom arrangement.
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are isomers, with glucose existing in both linear and ring forms and differing from galactose in hydroxyl group orientation.
Disaccharides, such as sucrose, maltose, and lactose, are formed by joining two monosaccharides in their ring form, with the same chemical formula as their constituents.
Oligosaccharides contain three to 10 saccharides linked together, examples being oligofructose, raffinose, and maltotriose, each with their own chemical formula.
Polysaccharides, like amylose and glycogen, consist of more than 10 saccharides linked together, with the same chemical formula as monosaccharides and nonstarch polysaccharides.
Nonstarch polysaccharides, such as cellulose and inulin, are complex carbohydrates and dietary fibers with different glycosidic linkages and chemical formulas.
Carbohydrates consist solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, can exist as open chains or ring structures, and have the ability to share the same chemical formula but differ in structure and configuration.
They can be oxidized to carboxylic acids and reduced to alcohol, have a sweet taste, are solid at room temperature, and are highly soluble in water due to their hydrophilic nature.
The solubility of carbohydrates in water makes them a useful energy source, as they can exist in hydrophilic environments like the bloodstream and inside cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge of carbohydrates with this quiz on their structures and functions. Explore the differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, and learn about their chemical formulas and properties.