Carbohydrate Chemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What do plants use to make glucose from?

  • O2 and H2O
  • CO and H2
  • CO2 and H2O (correct)
  • N2 and H2O

What is the term for a carbohydrate with many sugar molecules?

  • Monosaccharide
  • Polysaccharide (correct)
  • Disaccharide
  • Oligosaccharide

What is the common name for D-glucose?

  • Fructose
  • Dextrose (correct)
  • Sucrose
  • Galactose

What is the functional group in aldoses?

<p>Aldehyde group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process do cells use to break down glucose?

<p>Glycolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major source of energy from our diet?

<p>Carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for sugars?

<p>Saccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oligosaccharides typically contain how many monosaccharide units?

<p>Three to ten (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for the brain?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sugars is commonly referred to as fruit sugar?

<p>Fructose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sugar is galactose classified as?

<p>Aldose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Fischer projection?

<p>To identify carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of an anomeric carbon?

<p>Part of the aldehyde or ketone group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Haworth projection represent?

<p>Cyclic structure of monosaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a chiral carbon?

<p>Four unique bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is optical activity?

<p>The ability of a molecule to rotate plane-polarized light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrate Composition

  • Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)

Types of Carbohydrates

  • Saccharides refer to sugars
  • Monosaccharides: carbohydrates with one sugar molecule
  • Disaccharides: carbohydrates with two sugar molecules
  • Polysaccharides: carbohydrates with many sugar molecules
  • Oligosaccharides: typically contain three to ten monosaccharide units

Examples of Carbohydrates

  • Glucose: a monosaccharide
  • Lactose: a disaccharide
  • Amylose: a polysaccharide
  • Cellulose: a polysaccharide
  • Oligosaccharides: examples include raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose

Classification of Monosaccharides

  • Classified based on functional group and number of carbon atoms
  • Aldoses: monosaccharides with an aldehyde functional group
  • Ketoses: monosaccharides with a keto functional group

Glucose

  • Common name: grape sugar or dextrose
  • Primary fuel for the brain
  • Naturally found in the D-form (D-glucose)

Fructose

  • Common name: fruit sugar
  • Found in honey and fruits
  • Consists of six carbon atoms
  • Classified as a ketose

Galactose

  • Found in lactose (milk sugar)
  • Classified as an aldose
  • Consists of six carbon atoms

Representations of Carbohydrate Structures

  • Fischer projection: used to identify and represent carbohydrate structures
  • Haworth projection: represents the cyclic structure of monosaccharides
  • Anomeric carbon: the carbon that was part of the aldehyde or ketone group
  • Chiral carbon: a carbon with four unique bonds

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Test your knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry with these 80 multiple-choice questions covering the composition, sources, and functions of carbohydrates.

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