Carbohydrate Chemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What do plants use to make glucose from?

  • O2 and H2O
  • CO and H2
  • CO2 and H2O (correct)
  • N2 and H2O
  • What is the term for a carbohydrate with many sugar molecules?

  • Monosaccharide
  • Polysaccharide (correct)
  • Disaccharide
  • Oligosaccharide
  • What is the common name for D-glucose?

  • Fructose
  • Dextrose (correct)
  • Sucrose
  • Galactose
  • What is the functional group in aldoses?

    <p>Aldehyde group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do cells use to break down glucose?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major source of energy from our diet?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for sugars?

    <p>Saccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oligosaccharides typically contain how many monosaccharide units?

    <p>Three to ten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the brain?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sugars is commonly referred to as fruit sugar?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sugar is galactose classified as?

    <p>Aldose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Fischer projection?

    <p>To identify carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of an anomeric carbon?

    <p>Part of the aldehyde or ketone group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Haworth projection represent?

    <p>Cyclic structure of monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a chiral carbon?

    <p>Four unique bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is optical activity?

    <p>The ability of a molecule to rotate plane-polarized light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrate Composition

    • Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)

    Types of Carbohydrates

    • Saccharides refer to sugars
    • Monosaccharides: carbohydrates with one sugar molecule
    • Disaccharides: carbohydrates with two sugar molecules
    • Polysaccharides: carbohydrates with many sugar molecules
    • Oligosaccharides: typically contain three to ten monosaccharide units

    Examples of Carbohydrates

    • Glucose: a monosaccharide
    • Lactose: a disaccharide
    • Amylose: a polysaccharide
    • Cellulose: a polysaccharide
    • Oligosaccharides: examples include raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose

    Classification of Monosaccharides

    • Classified based on functional group and number of carbon atoms
    • Aldoses: monosaccharides with an aldehyde functional group
    • Ketoses: monosaccharides with a keto functional group

    Glucose

    • Common name: grape sugar or dextrose
    • Primary fuel for the brain
    • Naturally found in the D-form (D-glucose)

    Fructose

    • Common name: fruit sugar
    • Found in honey and fruits
    • Consists of six carbon atoms
    • Classified as a ketose

    Galactose

    • Found in lactose (milk sugar)
    • Classified as an aldose
    • Consists of six carbon atoms

    Representations of Carbohydrate Structures

    • Fischer projection: used to identify and represent carbohydrate structures
    • Haworth projection: represents the cyclic structure of monosaccharides
    • Anomeric carbon: the carbon that was part of the aldehyde or ketone group
    • Chiral carbon: a carbon with four unique bonds

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    Test your knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry with these 80 multiple-choice questions covering the composition, sources, and functions of carbohydrates.

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