Questions and Answers
What do plants use to make glucose from?
What is the term for a carbohydrate with many sugar molecules?
What is the common name for D-glucose?
What is the functional group in aldoses?
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What process do cells use to break down glucose?
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What is the major source of energy from our diet?
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What is the term for sugars?
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Oligosaccharides typically contain how many monosaccharide units?
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What is the primary source of energy for the brain?
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Which of the following sugars is commonly referred to as fruit sugar?
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What type of sugar is galactose classified as?
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What is the purpose of the Fischer projection?
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What is a characteristic feature of an anomeric carbon?
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What does the Haworth projection represent?
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What is a characteristic of a chiral carbon?
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What is optical activity?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrate Composition
- Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)
Types of Carbohydrates
- Saccharides refer to sugars
- Monosaccharides: carbohydrates with one sugar molecule
- Disaccharides: carbohydrates with two sugar molecules
- Polysaccharides: carbohydrates with many sugar molecules
- Oligosaccharides: typically contain three to ten monosaccharide units
Examples of Carbohydrates
- Glucose: a monosaccharide
- Lactose: a disaccharide
- Amylose: a polysaccharide
- Cellulose: a polysaccharide
- Oligosaccharides: examples include raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose
Classification of Monosaccharides
- Classified based on functional group and number of carbon atoms
- Aldoses: monosaccharides with an aldehyde functional group
- Ketoses: monosaccharides with a keto functional group
Glucose
- Common name: grape sugar or dextrose
- Primary fuel for the brain
- Naturally found in the D-form (D-glucose)
Fructose
- Common name: fruit sugar
- Found in honey and fruits
- Consists of six carbon atoms
- Classified as a ketose
Galactose
- Found in lactose (milk sugar)
- Classified as an aldose
- Consists of six carbon atoms
Representations of Carbohydrate Structures
- Fischer projection: used to identify and represent carbohydrate structures
- Haworth projection: represents the cyclic structure of monosaccharides
- Anomeric carbon: the carbon that was part of the aldehyde or ketone group
- Chiral carbon: a carbon with four unique bonds
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Description
Test your knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry with these 80 multiple-choice questions covering the composition, sources, and functions of carbohydrates.
