Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the main function of carbohydrates in our bodies?

Carbohydrates are the body's ideal fuel for most functions. They give glucose to fuel our cells and supply the body with the energy needed for the muscles, brain, and central nervous system.

What types of food can we eat to obtain carbohydrates?

Fruits, vegetables, beans, dairy products, foods made from grain products, sugar, honey, molasses, and corn syrup.

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates? Explain each one and give an example of food you can eat that contains each type.

The three types are simple, complex, and indigestible. Simple carbohydrates are made up of one or two sugar units, such as a lollipop. Complex carbohydrates consist of many sugar units, like starch found in potatoes. Indigestible carbohydrates, like fiber in prunes, cannot be broken down for energy.

Why can low-carb diets be harmful to your body? Explain.

Low-carb diets can be harmful because they limit energy intake, which may lead to weakness. Signup and view all the answers

What are lipids? What substances are considered to be lipids?

Lipids are organic molecules that contain carbon atoms. Substances considered lipids include earwax and oil. Signup and view all the answers

What are steroids? What can they do to you and for you?

Steroids are hormones found in animals. They can increase muscle mass and strength, and help treat conditions like acne. Signup and view all the answers

What is a triglyceride? What are the two parts that make up a triglyceride?

A triglyceride is a type of fat made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Signup and view all the answers

What are saturated fats? Give an example.

Saturated fats are fats with single bonds; they are considered 'bad' fats. Examples include butter, high-fat milk, and whole milk. Signup and view all the answers

What are unsaturated fats?

Unsaturated fats are fats with double bonds; they are known as 'good' fats. Examples include olive oil, fish oil, and walnuts. Signup and view all the answers

What are trans fats and how are they made?

Trans fats are created by hydrogenating liquid oils to make them solid. This process alters fat structure and can lead to health risks. Signup and view all the answers

Why are trans fats bad for you?

Trans fats raise LDL cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease and strokes. Signup and view all the answers

What is HDL?

HDL stands for High-Density Lipoprotein, which is known as the good cholesterol. Signup and view all the answers

What is LDL?

LDL stands for Low-Density Lipoprotein, which is known as the bad cholesterol. Signup and view all the answers

What do trans fats do to the levels of each?

Trans fats raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol. Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins made up of?

Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins? Give an example of each.

Complete proteins provide all necessary amino acids and are found in animal-based foods like meat, fish, eggs, and milk. Incomplete proteins are low in one or more amino acids, with rice as an example. Signup and view all the answers

What is YOUR recommended daily allowance of protein based on the chart?

34 grams are needed for 9-13-year-olds. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids make up genetic information in living things and are the building blocks of living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Name the 2 major types of nucleic acids.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific name for the building blocks of nucleic acids?

The building blocks of nucleic acids are called nucleotides. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates

Primary source of energy for body functions, fueling cells, muscles, brain, and central nervous system.
Sources include fruits, vegetables, beans, dairy products, grain products, sugar, honey, molasses, and corn syrup.
Three types of carbohydrates:
- Simple: Composed of one or two sugar units, quickly digested (e.g., lollipop).
- Complex: Made of many sugar units, takes longer to digest (e.g., potatoes).
- Indigestible: Fiber that cannot be absorbed for energy (e.g., prunes).
Low-carb diets can lead to weakness due to insufficient energy supply.

Lipids

Organic molecules containing carbon, with notable forms including oils and earwax.
Steroids are a type of lipid, functioning in hormones, muscle enhancement, and medical applications (e.g., acne treatment, muscle relaxants).
Triglycerides consist of glycerol and fatty acids, acting as a form of fat.

Fats

Saturated fats: Contain single bonds, often referred to as "bad" fats (e.g., butter, high-fat milk).
Unsaturated fats: Have double bonds, considered "good" fats (e.g., olive oil, fish oil, walnuts).
Trans fats: Created by hydrogenating unsaturated fats, converting liquid to solid, linked to health risks.
Trans fats increase LDL (bad cholesterol) and decrease HDL (good cholesterol), elevating the risk of heart disease and strokes.

Cholesterol

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) is beneficial cholesterol.
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is harmful cholesterol, typically associated with increased health risks.

Proteins

Composed of amino acids, with 20 different types existing.
Complete proteins contain essential amino acids and are found in animal products (e.g., meat, fish, eggs, milk).
Incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids (e.g., rice).
Recommended daily protein intake for 9-13 year-olds is 34 grams.

Nucleic Acids

Serve as the genetic material in living organisms, forming the building blocks of life.
Two main types: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).
Nucleotides are the specific building blocks of nucleic acids.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the main functions and sources of carbohydrates in our bodies with this quiz. Learn about how carbohydrates serve as the body's primary fuel and the types of foods rich in these essential macromolecules.