Carbohydrate Functions and Classifications

Study Notes

Carbohydrate Functions

Carbohydrates are various substances like sugars, starches, fruits, vegetables, fiber, etc.
They play essential roles in living organisms.
Carbohydrates are a primary energy source for cells, with 4 kcal per gram.
They are structural components of cell membranes.
They are located on cell surfaces, bonded to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids).
They are structural components of DNA and RNA.
They form the basis for nucleosides and nucleotides.
They provide carbon skeletons in amino acids.
They are crucial to biochemical processes and messenger molecules.

Carbohydrate Classification

Carbohydrates are also known as "hydrates of carbon" with the general formula Cx(H₂O)y.
They are the most abundant organic molecules in nature.
They are categorized into four groups based on their chemical structures and hydrolysis products.

Types of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides: Single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone units (e.g., glucose, fructose).
Disaccharides: Two monosaccharide units bonded together (e.g., sucrose).
Oligosaccharides: 3-10 monosaccharide units (e.g., raffinose).
Polysaccharides: Long chains of monosaccharides (e.g., cellulose, glycogen, starch). Polysaccharides are not sweet.

Description

Explore the essential functions and classifications of carbohydrates in living organisms. This quiz covers types of carbohydrates, their roles as energy sources, and their structural importance in cellular processes. Test your knowledge on the various chemical structures and categories of carbohydrates.