28 Questions
What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
How are carbohydrates classified based on the number of sugar units?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides
Which classification of carbohydrates contains more than 10 sugar units?
Polysaccharides
How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbon atoms?
Trioses, tetrises, pentoses, hexoses
According to the presence of aldehyde or ketone group, how are monosaccharides divided?
Aldoses and ketoses
Which type of isomers differ in their functional groups?
Aldose-Ketose Isomers
Which polysaccharide is the chief storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
Starch
Which type of disaccharide has both anomeric carbons involved in the linkage?
Sucrose
What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals, mainly present in skeletal muscles and liver?
Glycogen
What is the function of cellulose in the diet?
Bulk of food
Which heteropolysaccharide is sulfate free?
Hyaluronic Acid
Which type of disaccharide has a free anomeric carbon in the second sugar unit?
Maltose
What functional groups do Aldose-Ketose Isomers differ in?
Aldehyde and Ketone groups
For what purpose is cellulose important in the diet?
Increasing the bulk of food
Which type of disaccharide is formed of fructose and glucose and has both anomeric carbons involved in the linkage?
Sucrose
Which classification of carbohydrates contains 3-10 sugar units?
Oligosaccharides
How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbon atoms?
Trioses, Tetroses, Pentoses, Hexoses
According to the presence of aldehyde or ketone group, how are monosaccharides divided?
By the functional group
Which heteropolysaccharide is sulfate free?
Keratan sulfate
Which type of disaccharide has both anomeric carbons involved in the linkage?
Sucrose
What is the chief storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
Starch
Which heteropolysaccharide is sulfate free?
Hyaluronic Acid
How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbon atoms?
By the number of sugar units
For what purpose is cellulose important in the diet?
To increase bulk of food
What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals, mainly present in skeletal muscles and liver?
Glycogen
Which type of isomers differ in their functional groups?
Aldose-Ketose Isomers
What functional groups do Aldose-Ketose Isomers differ in?
Ketone and Aldehyde
Which type of disaccharide has a free anomeric carbon in the second sugar unit?
Maltose
Study Notes
Carbohydrate Structure
- Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
- Carbohydrates are classified based on the number of sugar units: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are classified based on the number of carbon atoms: trioses (3 carbon atoms), tetroses (4 carbon atoms), pentoses (5 carbon atoms), hexoses (6 carbon atoms), and heptoses (7 carbon atoms).
- Monosaccharides are divided based on the presence of aldehyde or ketone group: aldoses (aldehyde group) and ketoses (ketone group).
- Aldose-ketose isomers differ in their functional groups: aldehyde and ketone.
Disaccharides
- Sucrose is a type of disaccharide that has both anomeric carbons involved in the linkage.
- Sucrose is formed of fructose and glucose.
Polysaccharides
- Polysaccharides are classified based on the number of sugar units: oligosaccharides (3-10 sugar units) and polysaccharides (more than 10 sugar units).
- Starch is the chief storage form of carbohydrates in plants.
- Glycogen is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals, mainly present in skeletal muscles and liver.
Importance of Carbohydrates
- Cellulose is important in the diet for its fiber content, providing bulk to stools and preventing constipation.
- Chitin is a heteropolysaccharide that is sulfate-free.
Isomers
- Functional group isomers differ in their functional groups.
Note: I have removed the duplicate questions and reorganized the notes to group similar topics together.
Test your knowledge of the fundamental concepts of carbohydrate chemistry, including the chemical nature of carbohydrates and their classification based on the number of sugar units and carbons they contain.
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