Captain Pratt's Views on Native American Education

Indians must immerse themselves in the daily experiences of American citizenship to truly understand and utilize it.

We need to recognize that Indians are fully capable individuals deserving of the same opportunities and privileges as others.

Conditions that keep them in bondage and surrounded by retrogressive influences must be removed.

<p>Social contact and freedom of association are essential for their development and integration into American society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author believes that once given equal opportunities, Indians will demonstrate their capacity for civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary goal was to 'Americanize' Native Americans through the education of Native youth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Students were required to drop their Indian names, forbidden to speak native languages, and had their long hair cut off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pratt suggested that to save the man, one must 'kill the Indian' in him, implying that Native culture was seen as a hindrance to civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The U.S. Training and Industrial School at Carlisle Barracks opened in 1879.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Native American parents and youth often resisted these schools fiercely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pratt drew parallels between the 'civilizing' of Native Americans and African Americans, indicating a shared view of racial superiority and assimilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jefferson authorized removals through persuasion, purchase, or force, leading to permanent policies that displaced Native Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Despite the aim to strip away tribal culture, these schools fostered a sense of shared Indian identity that transcended tribal boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Piegan massacre and the battle of the Washita are examples of tragic events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treaties led to long-term oppression through dependence on annuities and separation from civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author suggests that African Americans gained progress through exposure to civilization, unlike Native Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God is essential for equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author criticizes it for not facilitating true individualization and citizenship for Native Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The misconception is that it would emancipate the Indians and bring them into full citizenship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Association with English-speaking, civilized people led to their upliftment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Native Americans are portrayed as remaining 'savage' due to isolation, unlike African Americans who progressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author suggests seeking new methods beyond land allotments to integrate Native Americans into citizenship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Education is viewed as inadequate on its own to create citizenship; association was key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author emphasizes that rights should not be abridged based on race or previous conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fallacy is that the Land in Severalty Bill would effectively emancipate them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author argues they need to be released from tribal relations to gain individual freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author associates savagery with isolation from civilizing influences, contrasting it with the success of assimilated groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Missionaries often dictate government policies based on their own interests, forcing the government to align its actions with missionary objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The greatest mistake is feeding Indian civilization to the Indians instead of integrating them into American civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author suggests that if Germans can share in American customs upon arrival, then Indians should also be invited to participate in American society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author contends that Indians are not inherently savage but are blank slates shaped by their environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary goal of the Carlisle school is to prepare young Indians for integration into mainstream American society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author proposes interspersing white families among Indian families to foster a sense of community and shared culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author believes missionaries should support Indians in achieving higher living conditions and assimilating into society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is essential that Indian students be prepared adequately to transition into public schools where they can compete effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only those Indians who have left reservations and engaged with white communities have developed the necessary abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author compares teaching American citizenship to African negroes to the difficulties of achieving citizenship for Indians in their reservations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author argues that individuals raised in savage or civilized environments will adopt the language and customs prevalent in those settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indians who remain within their tribal communities may hinder their ability to integrate and succeed in broader society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author suggests that the bill be structured to place civilized families among Indian families to cultivate fellowship and support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theorizing citizenship is a slow process; practical integration and experiences are necessary for real understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tribal schools inhibit Indian youth from aspiring to education and experiences outside their tribes, reinforcing a sense of helplessness and separation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author suggests that both types of schools maintain their respective groups' identities and separation from the larger society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author argues that Americanizing the Indian requires integrating them into the same schools as other races, not separating them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author believes government support encourages a mindset of dependency and entitlement rather than self-sufficiency among tribal members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author criticizes missionaries for fostering separate identities among Indians rather than integrating them with the wider society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major problem is that tribal education does not equip individuals with the skills needed to compete with other populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The current system leads to a continued existence of tribes that do not aspire to join the broader American society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author perceives missionary efforts as largely unsuccessful in integrating Indians into mainstream society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author compares it to telling a sick person they are unwell, which does not contribute to their recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tribes in New York maintain a strong tribal identity and show little desire to integrate into the rest of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advanced individuals may assist the missionary but tend to remain tied to their tribes instead of fully integrating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risk is that such help can restrict their freedom and opportunities to assimilate and participate in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author believes that unless these schools promote integration into society, rather than isolation, they will not effect real change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author implies that the government's establishment of tribal schools stems from a belief that Indians are incompetent and need separate education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The challenge is that the prevailing systems and societal pressures push individuals to conform to tribal identities rather than pursuing personal goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The US government aimed to assimilate Native Americans, primarily through the education of young people in boarding schools.

A model boarding school for Native American children, emphasizing vocational training and suppressing tribal cultures.

A concept, or rather a view, representing harsh methods of assimilation, advocating for the elimination of Native American traditions but saving the individual person.

Founder of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School and proponent of assimilationist policies, often using harsh methods.

Government strategies to absorb or merge Native American culture into mainstream American society, often against their will.

Emphasis on vocational training; banning traditional names, languages, and cultural practices to erase tribal identity.

Opposition to boarding schools and assimilation efforts by Native American parents and children.

Historical US government policy to confine Native Americans to designated areas, aiming for control and displacement

Tribal schools reinforce tribal identity and dependence on the government, hindering assimilation into mainstream society.

The process by which Native Americans adopt the customs and behaviors of the dominant white culture.

A system where students of all races learn together, promoting unity and loyalty to the nation.

Missionaries often encourage Indians to stay within their tribes, hindering their integration into the wider society.

A school emphasizing integrating Indians into mainstream families and schools to promote assimilation.

Tribal schools maintain tribal identity and dependence, while public schools encourage integration and national unity.

Missionary work, while seemingly helpful, can strengthen tribal identity, hindering assimilation.

Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, and Seminoles, who, despite having established schools, maintained tribal structures and claims against the government.

The act of Native Americans joining mainstream US society by learning and adopting American customs.

The prolonged process of Native Americans adapting to US life, often caused by tribal schools and missionaries.

A situation in which individuals are compelled to live within their specific tribes or communities.

The dominant culture and institutions of a country.

Factors preventing Indians from joining U.S society, such as tribal schools and missionary work.

The lack of opportunities for Native Americans to match with people of European descent regarding skills and education as caused by segregation and tribal schools.

A process where Native Americans become fully integrated into American society by experiencing its values and practices constantly, like soaking in a bath.

The right for Native Americans to interact and socialize freely with other Americans outside of reservations, leading to cultural exchange and understanding.

The positive impact of interactions with different people and cultures on Native American development and growth, challenging traditional views.

Acknowledging that Native Americans are just as capable as other Americans, capable of reaching their full potential, and entitled to equal opportunities.

A state of progress achieved through genuine equality, freedom, and development, not through forced assimilation or suppression of culture.

The goal of forcibly blending Native American culture into mainstream American society.

Missionaries held significant power, often influencing government policy towards tribes to align with their religious and colonial interests.

The government provided financial support to religious institutions to operate schools for Native American children, unintentionally creating resistance to its policies.

The government's approach was to impose American customs and civilization on Native Americans, rather than inviting them to participate in and contribute to American society.

The article compares the assimilation of Native Americans to forcing German immigrants to become fully Americanized before entering the country.

The author argues that Native Americans are not inherently savage but are shaped by their environments and experiences.

Carlisle taught Native American students to be loyal to the United States, encouraged individualization, and promoted equal opportunities for all.

The author argues that Native Americans can succeed in industrial settings with the right opportunities.

A law aimed at promoting assimilation by dividing communal tribal lands into individual plots, ideally encouraging integration with white communities.

The author advocates for integrating Native American students into mainstream public schools after they've gained basic skills.

The article emphasizes the importance of missionaries supporting Native Americans' integration into mainstream society instead of promoting isolation.

The author posits that Native Americans who integrated into white communities achieved greater success in adapting to civilized pursuits.

Mere theoretical knowledge of American citizenship is insufficient; practical experiences are necessary for true assimilation.

The author argues that a treaty agreement with the U.S. government, which provides annuities and reservations, is more detrimental to the Indians than military defeat. This is because it isolates them from mainstream civilization and hinders their progress.

The author believes that interaction with the dominant society led to the assimilation of the Black population into American society. This was more effective than formal education.

The author emphasizes that the government's policies towards Indians actually keep them isolated from mainstream society, hindering their assimilation and progress.

This bill aimed to allot individual land ownership to Indians, but it effectively prevented them from progressing toward full citizenship and instead encouraged tribal unity and isolation.

The signing of the Land in Severalty Bill was initially seen as a day of emancipation for the Indians; however, the author argues that it ultimately failed to achieve this goal.

The Land in Severalty Bill, intended to individualize Indians and assimilate them, actually reinforced their separation from the mainstream and encouraged tribal cohesion.

A new plan, gaining popularity and support in Congress, is presented as a solution to achieve citizenship and equality for Indians. The author, however, questions its effectiveness.

The author, a staunch advocate for the idea of assimilation, criticizes existing policies towards Indians for hindering their progress and maintaining their isolation from mainstream society.

The author draws a stark comparison between the Black population's successful assimilation and the Indians' persistent isolation. He attributes this difference to the government's differing policies.

The author emphasizes that association with mainstream society, rather than formal education, played a crucial role in Black assimilation.

The author argues that providing financial support (annuities) to Indians actually hinders their progress, making them dependent and isolating them from the mainstream.

The author critiques the government's approach to civilizing Indians, arguing it's ineffective because it isolates Indians from the dominant culture.

The author believes that the reservation policy keeps Indians isolated from the dominant society, effectively hindering their progress towards assimilation.

The author expresses concern about the effectiveness of the new plan to achieve citizenship and equality for Indians, highlighting the shortcomings of existing policies.