Questions and Answers
What does visibility refer to in the context of bias?
Whether the bias for difference or stigma is readily apparent (race, gender, age) versus (learning disability, sexual orientation, and mental illness).
What is a narrative in relation to stigma?
Whether a well-known cultural story is associated with the difference, e.g., narrative of inferiority, oppression, rejection, etc.
Define coping.
Refers to a person's conscious and intentional efforts to regulate behavior (emotion, thought, physiology) or the environment in response to stressful events or circumstances.
What is stress?
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Which of the following are ways coping responses eliminate stress? (Select all that apply)
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What are two sources of stress that make diversity challenging?
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What is stigma?
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What constitutes social and cultural difference?
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What are the signals of conditions of stigmatized social status?
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Define predicament in a social context.
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What are conditions that pose predicaments for people? (Select all that apply)
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What does the category divide hypothesis refer to?
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What is internalized homophobia?
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Define socialization.
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What is acculturation?
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Define enculturation.
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What is acculturative stress?
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What does racial socialization involve?
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What does proactive socialization positively relate to? (Select all that apply)
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Entering a new culture often produces opposing desires. What are they?
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Match the four acculturation profiles with their descriptions:
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What is perceived discrimination?
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Define stereotype threat.
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What is disruptive apprehension?
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What does protective disidentification involve?
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What is stereotype boost?
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What are three ways that stress influences the quality of intergroup communication? (Select all that apply)
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Define attributional ambiguity.
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What is racial paralysis?
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What does pluralistic ignorance refer to?
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What are the three different approaches to anticipation, expectation, and sensitivity to racial discrimination? (Select all that apply)
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What does racial identification hypothesis suggest?
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Define rejection sensitivity to race.
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What is the universal context of racism?
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Study Notes
Concepts of Coping and Stigma
- Visibility: Refers to the apparent nature of stigma (e.g., race, gender) versus less visible differences (e.g., learning disabilities, mental illness).
- Narrative: Cultural stories surrounding differences that may empower stereotypes of inferiority or oppression.
Coping Mechanisms
- Coping: Intentional efforts to manage stress through behavioral, emotional, and environmental regulation.
- Stress: Occurs when perceived resources are insufficient to manage a situation, leading to negative emotional responses.
- Coping Responses: Two types include addressing the root cause of stress and emotional regulation to mitigate distress.
Sources of Stress Related to Diversity
- Stigma: A powerful phenomenon labeling social identities as inferior.
- Social/Cultural Difference: The experience of individuals whose values and norms do not align with the dominant group.
Signals of Stigmatization
- Individuals labeled as different face societal disapproval, leading to status loss and discrimination.
- Negative cultural beliefs contribute to the segregation of labeled individuals from mainstream society.
Predicament and Internal Challenges
- Predicament: Difficult situations resulting from stigma, which are hard to escape.
- Conditions Causing Predicaments: Include awareness of negative identity perceptions, stereotype threats, personal experiences of prejudice, and ambiguous negative interactions.
Theoretical Frameworks
- Category Divide Hypothesis: Beliefs about essential differences between groups can exaggerate divergences and reduce mutual understanding.
- Internalized Homophobia: Negative self-perception regarding one's sexual orientation, leading to less connection with the LGBTQ+ community.
Cultural Adaptation Concepts
- Socialization: The process through which parents prepare children to navigate societal norms and values.
- Acculturation vs. Enculturation: Acculturation is gaining insights from another culture, while enculturation focuses on maintaining one's own cultural identity.
- Acculturative Stress: Stress arising from the dual requirements of acculturation and enculturation.
Racial Socialization
- Racial Socialization: The practice of educating children about race's influence on identity and societal interaction. It can be proactive or protective.
- Proactive Socialization: Linked to positive outcomes like enhanced self-esteem and cognitive performance.
Intergroup Dynamics and Communication
- Perceived Discrimination: The belief one has been unfairly treated, impacting psychological health.
- Stereotype Threat: Awareness of negative stereotypes can create anxiety, undermining performance in stressful situations.
Responses to Racial Discrimination
- Disruptive Apprehension: Anxiety when faced with situations reflecting negative stereotypes.
- Protective Disidentification: Changing self-concept to avoid performance evaluations affecting personal identity.
Acculturation Profiles
- Four Profiles: Integration (high maintenance and involvement), Ethnic (sense of belonging), National (orientation toward new society), Diffuse (lack of direction and commitment).
Psychological Influences of Stress
- Attributional Ambiguity: Difficulty interpreting others' intentions due to uncertainty in social interactions.
- Racial Paralysis: The paralyzing indecision experienced when choosing between individuals from different racial groups.
- Pluralistic Ignorance: Misunderstandings that arise from differing social backgrounds, leading to isolation.
Anticipation of Discrimination
- Racial Identification: Consistently linking discrimination to prejudice fosters group identity and enhances psychological health.
- Rejection Sensitivity: Heightened anxiety related to the possibility of being rejected based on race.
- Universal Context of Racism: Racism serves as a chronic framework for interpreting negative experiences, fostering vigilance.
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Description
Explore key concepts from Chapter 8 of the Capstone course, focusing on coping and adapting to stigma and difference. This quiz features flashcards that define crucial terms such as visibility, narrative, and coping. Enhance your understanding of these concepts and their implications in society.