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What is a potential cognitive effect of chronic cannabis use?
What is a potential cognitive effect of chronic cannabis use?
Which respiratory issue is commonly associated with smoking cannabis?
Which respiratory issue is commonly associated with smoking cannabis?
Which mental health effect is linked to chronic cannabis use?
Which mental health effect is linked to chronic cannabis use?
What characterizes cannabis use disorder?
What characterizes cannabis use disorder?
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How can chronic cannabis use affect relationships?
How can chronic cannabis use affect relationships?
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What cardiovascular effect is associated with acute cannabis use?
What cardiovascular effect is associated with acute cannabis use?
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Which endocrine effect may result from long-term cannabis use?
Which endocrine effect may result from long-term cannabis use?
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What is a potential effect of chronic cannabis use on the immune system?
What is a potential effect of chronic cannabis use on the immune system?
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What effect can cannabis have on heart rate and blood pressure?
What effect can cannabis have on heart rate and blood pressure?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with the short-term effects of cannabis use?
Which symptom is commonly associated with the short-term effects of cannabis use?
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In a peaceful environment, what type of hallucinations might cannabis induce?
In a peaceful environment, what type of hallucinations might cannabis induce?
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Which factor does NOT influence a person's experience with cannabis effects?
Which factor does NOT influence a person's experience with cannabis effects?
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What phenomenon is commonly referred to as 'cottonmouth' associated with cannabis use?
What phenomenon is commonly referred to as 'cottonmouth' associated with cannabis use?
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What characteristic is NOT typical of the short-term effects of cannabis?
What characteristic is NOT typical of the short-term effects of cannabis?
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Which of the following slang terms refers to a hand-rolled cannabis cigarette?
Which of the following slang terms refers to a hand-rolled cannabis cigarette?
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What is a common visual effect reported by users of cannabis?
What is a common visual effect reported by users of cannabis?
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What are some short-term effects of stimulants?
What are some short-term effects of stimulants?
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Which condition is NOT associated with narcotics?
Which condition is NOT associated with narcotics?
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What long-term symptom is commonly associated with depressants?
What long-term symptom is commonly associated with depressants?
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Which of the following is a potential side effect of hallucinogens?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of hallucinogens?
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What is a significant risk associated with the long-term use of narcotics?
What is a significant risk associated with the long-term use of narcotics?
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Which classification of drugs of abuse is characterized by their natural occurrence?
Which classification of drugs of abuse is characterized by their natural occurrence?
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Which of the following types of drugs would be classified as a stimulant?
Which of the following types of drugs would be classified as a stimulant?
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What is the primary active compound found in cannabis?
What is the primary active compound found in cannabis?
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Which of the following terms refers to drugs that are primarily used for altering human performance?
Which of the following terms refers to drugs that are primarily used for altering human performance?
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What characteristic is associated with the male cannabis plant compared to the female?
What characteristic is associated with the male cannabis plant compared to the female?
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Which classification method includes alkaloids and cannabinoids?
Which classification method includes alkaloids and cannabinoids?
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Which name is commonly associated with cannabis?
Which name is commonly associated with cannabis?
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What type of drug would typically be classified under depressants?
What type of drug would typically be classified under depressants?
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What type of crystal is potassium mercuric iodide primarily associated with?
What type of crystal is potassium mercuric iodide primarily associated with?
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In the gas chromatographic analysis of opioids, what type of detector is used?
In the gas chromatographic analysis of opioids, what type of detector is used?
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Which opium alkaloid has the highest Rf value when using solvent system 1?
Which opium alkaloid has the highest Rf value when using solvent system 1?
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Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?
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What is the effect of depressants on the central nervous system?
What is the effect of depressants on the central nervous system?
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Which solvent system contains methanol and n-butanol?
Which solvent system contains methanol and n-butanol?
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What is the λmax (in nm) of morphine in aqueous alkaline conditions?
What is the λmax (in nm) of morphine in aqueous alkaline conditions?
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Which component of the gas chromatographic method refers to the column's material?
Which component of the gas chromatographic method refers to the column's material?
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Which compound has the highest retention time in gas chromatography?
Which compound has the highest retention time in gas chromatography?
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What is the column temperature used during gas chromatography?
What is the column temperature used during gas chromatography?
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Which alkaloid is found in the coca plant and is classified as a tropane-type alkaloid?
Which alkaloid is found in the coca plant and is classified as a tropane-type alkaloid?
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What is the purpose of the Fast Blue B spraying reagent?
What is the purpose of the Fast Blue B spraying reagent?
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What is the carrier gas used during the gas chromatography process?
What is the carrier gas used during the gas chromatography process?
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What is the function of the FID detector in gas chromatography?
What is the function of the FID detector in gas chromatography?
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Which cannabinoid has the fastest retention time listed?
Which cannabinoid has the fastest retention time listed?
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Which spraying reagent is prepared by dissolving salt in NaOH solution?
Which spraying reagent is prepared by dissolving salt in NaOH solution?
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Study Notes
Module 4: Drugs of Abuse
- Classification of Drugs of Abuse include Cannabis, Cocaine, and Opioids.
Classification of Drugs of Abuse
-
Based on origin:
- Naturally occurring
- Semi-synthetic
- Synthetic
-
Based on acidic/basic nature:
- Acidic drugs
- Basic drugs
-
Based on Usages:
- Predator drugs
- Club drugs
- Human performance altering drugs
- Inhalants
-
Based on chemistry of Active compound:
- Alkaloid
- Cannabinoids
- Others
Classification Based on Mode of Action
- Narcotics/Analgesics
- Stimulants
- Depressants
- Hallucinogens
- Anabolic Steroids
Classification by Schedules/Regulations
- Schedules are categorized based on the Medical Use, Controls on Prescriptions, Required Security, Potential for Abuse, and Potential for Addiction levels of the drugs.
- Examples are included to illustrate the different categories.
Drugs of Abuse: Cannabis
- Common names include hemp, marijuana, pot, gandia, grass, chanvre etc.
- Cannabis sativa is the plant from which cannabis is derived.
- The active chemical in cannabis is delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
- Cannabis varies in THC concentration, affecting its effects in different preparations (e.g., Bhang, Ganja, Charas, Hashish oil).
Drugs of Abuse: Cocaine
- Cocaine is an alkaloid extracted from the coca plant.
- Forms of Cocaine include powder or crack form, commonly used intravenously, smoked, or snorted.
- Cocaine classification includes its being a stimulant.
- Is a highly potent psychoactive drug used for recreational purposes and has adverse effects.
Drugs of Abuse: Opioids
- Natural opioids include opium (morphine, codeine, thebaine).
- Semisynthetic opioids: include heroin, hydromorphone(morphine), oxycodone and etorphine(thebaine)
- Synthetic opioids: include fentanyl, methadone, pentazocine, meperidine.
- Endogenous opioids are endorphins.
- Opium is a milky exudate obtained from the unripe capsules of the poppy plant.
- Morphine is a highly potent opioid analgesic isolated from opium and an important pain relief medication.
Clinical Features of Opium Consumption
- Effects on the CNS, altering the state of mind and inducing sleep.
- Relieves pain and creates feelings of euphoria.
- Effects can be dangerous and severe such as: drowsiness, nausea, itching, constipation, breathing problems, and loss of consciousness.
- Causes psychological and physiological dependency.
- Withdrawal symptoms also exist including watery eyes, running nose, loss of appetite, yawning, irritability, tremors, chills, and sweating.
Forensic Analysis of Cannabis
- Physical examination includes visual evaluation and chemical analysis to identify characteristics.
- Microscopic analysis involves examining the plant structures.
- Color tests are used to detect presence of specific chemical indicators.
- Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are used for identification and quantification of the compounds (THC).
Forensic Analysis of Cocaine
- Physical Examination is used to detect the form of cocaine (powder, crack.)
- Color tests may include the Scott test (blue color) or Gold Chloride test (white precipitate.)
- Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are methods used for identification and quantification of drugs
Forensic Analysis of Opioids
- Color Tests are used to detect the presence of specific chemical components.
- Chromatographic methods (TLC and GC) are used for identification and quantification of specific alkaloids (morphine, codeine)
- Microcrystal tests are also used for the identification of morphine
Stimulants vs Depressants vs Narcotics vs Hallucinogens
- Summarize differences in aspects, definition, examples, mechanisms, effects, medicinal uses, and side effects of these drug classes.
Short-Term vs Long-Term Impacts of Various Drugs
- Summarize short-term and long-term effects of different drug classes (stimulants, depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the cognitive, respiratory, and mental health effects of chronic cannabis use. This quiz covers various aspects, including cannabis use disorder and its impact on relationships and the immune system. Explore the short-term and long-term implications of cannabis on health.
