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Questions and Answers
What is a common slang term for a hand-rolled cannabis cigarette?
What is a common slang term for a hand-rolled cannabis cigarette?
Which effect is most likely experienced in a peaceful environment when consuming hashish oil?
Which effect is most likely experienced in a peaceful environment when consuming hashish oil?
Which of the following is NOT a short-term effect of cannabis abuse?
Which of the following is NOT a short-term effect of cannabis abuse?
What can result from cannabis use that may cause feelings of anxiety or paranoia?
What can result from cannabis use that may cause feelings of anxiety or paranoia?
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Which symptom is commonly referred to as 'cottonmouth'?
Which symptom is commonly referred to as 'cottonmouth'?
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What psychological state may initially occur after consuming hashish oil?
What psychological state may initially occur after consuming hashish oil?
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What typically follows the effects of altered perception from cannabis use?
What typically follows the effects of altered perception from cannabis use?
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Which factor does NOT affect the overall effects of cannabis consumption?
Which factor does NOT affect the overall effects of cannabis consumption?
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What is one of the symptoms of acute poisoning?
What is one of the symptoms of acute poisoning?
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What is the observation for the Scott Test?
What is the observation for the Scott Test?
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Which of the following is a chronic effect of cocainism?
Which of the following is a chronic effect of cocainism?
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What type of crystals appear in the Gold Chloride Test?
What type of crystals appear in the Gold Chloride Test?
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What is the primary method of preparation for charas?
What is the primary method of preparation for charas?
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What is the HRf value of cocaine for the first solvent system in TLC?
What is the HRf value of cocaine for the first solvent system in TLC?
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How is hashish primarily created?
How is hashish primarily created?
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What is the main alkaloid present in opium?
What is the main alkaloid present in opium?
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What is a common method of consumption for hash oil?
What is a common method of consumption for hash oil?
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What type of reagent is Dragendorff's reagent used for in TLC?
What type of reagent is Dragendorff's reagent used for in TLC?
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What does Magnan's syndrome involve?
What does Magnan's syndrome involve?
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Which effect is most commonly associated with charas due to its high THC content?
Which effect is most commonly associated with charas due to its high THC content?
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In which form is bhang primarily consumed?
In which form is bhang primarily consumed?
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What is a distinguishing characteristic of hash oil compared to other cannabis products?
What is a distinguishing characteristic of hash oil compared to other cannabis products?
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What color range is typical for hashish?
What color range is typical for hashish?
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Which of the following is not a common method of consuming charas?
Which of the following is not a common method of consuming charas?
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What is the molecular formula of cocaine?
What is the molecular formula of cocaine?
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Which statement accurately describes the effects of cocaine?
Which statement accurately describes the effects of cocaine?
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What is the fatal oral dose of cocaine?
What is the fatal oral dose of cocaine?
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How does cocaine differ from amphetamines in its mechanism of action?
How does cocaine differ from amphetamines in its mechanism of action?
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What property of cocaine allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier easily?
What property of cocaine allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier easily?
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What potential serious consequence does cocaine exhibit compared to other CNS stimulants?
What potential serious consequence does cocaine exhibit compared to other CNS stimulants?
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What method is commonly used to prepare cocaine hydrochloride?
What method is commonly used to prepare cocaine hydrochloride?
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Which of the following alkaloids is NOT a pyrrolidine-type alkaloid?
Which of the following alkaloids is NOT a pyrrolidine-type alkaloid?
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What is the approximate percentage range of morphine found in opium?
What is the approximate percentage range of morphine found in opium?
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Which of the following opioids is classified as a semisynthetic opioid?
Which of the following opioids is classified as a semisynthetic opioid?
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What is a common withdrawal symptom of opium consumption?
What is a common withdrawal symptom of opium consumption?
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What is the fatal oral dose of morphine for adults?
What is the fatal oral dose of morphine for adults?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with opium consumption?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with opium consumption?
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What is the primary constituent of opium linked to causing intense euphoria?
What is the primary constituent of opium linked to causing intense euphoria?
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What is the chemical formula of morphine?
What is the chemical formula of morphine?
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Which type of opioid is endorphins classified as?
Which type of opioid is endorphins classified as?
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What is a common side effect of stimulants?
What is a common side effect of stimulants?
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Which of the following substances is classified as a stimulant?
Which of the following substances is classified as a stimulant?
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What mechanism do stimulants primarily utilize to enhance their effects?
What mechanism do stimulants primarily utilize to enhance their effects?
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Which of the following is a potential effect of hallucinogens?
Which of the following is a potential effect of hallucinogens?
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What defines the primary use of narcotics?
What defines the primary use of narcotics?
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What is a common risk associated with the use of depressants?
What is a common risk associated with the use of depressants?
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Which stimulant is commonly used to treat narcolepsy?
Which stimulant is commonly used to treat narcolepsy?
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What is a common psychological side effect of hallucinogens?
What is a common psychological side effect of hallucinogens?
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Study Notes
Module 4: Drugs of Abuse
- Drugs of abuse are classified in several ways, including by origin, nature, usage, active compound and mode of action.
Classification of Drugs of Abuse
-
Based on Origin:
- Naturally occurring
- Semi-synthetic
- Synthetic
-
Based on Acidic/Basic Nature:
- Acidic drugs
- Basic drugs
-
Based on Usages:
- Predator drugs
- Club drugs
- Human performance altering drugs
- Inhalants
-
Based on Chemistry of Active Compound:
- Alkaloid
- Cannabinoids
- Others
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Based on Mode of Action:
- Narcotics/Analgesics
- Stimulants
- Depressants
- Hallucinogens
- Anabolic Steroids
Classification by Schedules/Regulations
- This classification system categorizes drugs based on their medical use, control on prescriptions, required security and potential for abuse and addiction.
Cannabis
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Common names: hemp, marihuana, marijuana, pot, gandia, grass, chanvre etc.
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Origin: Believed to originate from a Portuguese or Spanish word for intoxicating.
- Present in the plant, Cannabis sativa, also known as hemp.
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Commercial Value: Hemp is valuable for its fiber, which can be made into ropes, more than its marijuana use.
-
Active Constituent: Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
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Active Constituents/Principles: Cannabinol, cannabidiol, Cannabidiolic acid, THC.
- THC is the most potent psychoactive component.
- Cannabinoids are not alkaloids.
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Concentraton of THC: Varies in different parts of the cannabis plant - highest in resinous extract, then flowers, leaves, stems, and lowest in seeds.
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Preparations:
- Bhang (paste made from leaves and flowers with water or milk)
- Ganja (dried leaves and flowers)
- Charas (resin extracted from the plant)
- Hashish oil (highly concentrated extract made using solvents)
Cocaine
-
Classification by Schedules/Regulations: See page 31.
-
Coca Alkaloids: Alkaloids found in coca plant (Erythroxyum coca) are either tropane or pyrrolidine types.
- Major alkaloid: Cocaine (0.3-1.5%; avg. 0.8%)
-
Mechanism of Action: Cocaine blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters, specifically dopamine. It results in prolonged and intense effects.
-
Signs & Symptoms: Increased alertness, energy, euphoria, restlessness, insomnia; but also dangerous side effects such as anxiety, psychosis, and cardio-vascular risks.
Opioids
-
Types:
- Natural: Opium (morphine, codeine, thebaine)
- Semisynthetic: Heroin, hydromorphone (morphine) and oxycodone, etorphine (thebaine)
- Synthetic: Fentanyl, methadone, pentazocine, meperidine
- Endogenous: Endorphins
-
Opium (Morphine):
- Chief constituent of opium.
- Isolated in 1806.
- 10-20% of all opium alkaloids.
- Derived from the Greek god of dreams.
- A phenanthrene alkaloid.
Forensic Analysis of Cannabis
- Physical Examination: Identification based on morphological characteristics (color, texture, form) or chemical analysis of cannabinoids (THC, CBN, CBD)
- Microscopic Examination: Identification of non-glandular hairs, fragments of plant material.
- Colour tests: tests using specific chemicals and observing color changes to determine and differentiate different drug types.
- TLC and GC: used for separating and quantifying drug compounds.
General Information on Drug Comparison
- Stimulants: Increase brain activity, alertness, and energy. (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine)
- Depressants: Slow down brain activity, reduce arousal. (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates)
- Narcotics: Relieve pain and produce euphoria. (e.g., morphine, heroin, codeine)
- Hallucinogens: Alter perception, mood, and cognition. (e.g., LSD, psilocybin, PCP)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the effects of cannabis and related substances. This quiz covers various aspects such as slang terms, psychological states, and specific symptoms associated with cannabis use. It is a great way to deepen your understanding of cannabis and its impact on the body and mind.