Cannabis Consumption Effects Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a common slang term for a hand-rolled cannabis cigarette?

  • Joint (correct)
  • Bong
  • Hash cake
  • Chillum

Which effect is most likely experienced in a peaceful environment when consuming hashish oil?

  • Impaired coordination
  • Dry mouth
  • Increased heart rate
  • Visual hallucination of colour & form (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a short-term effect of cannabis abuse?

  • Increased appetite
  • Impaired motor skills
  • Permanent cognitive impairment (correct)
  • Altered time perception

What can result from cannabis use that may cause feelings of anxiety or paranoia?

<p>Increased heart rate and blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly referred to as 'cottonmouth'?

<p>Dry mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological state may initially occur after consuming hashish oil?

<p>Hilarity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically follows the effects of altered perception from cannabis use?

<p>Dreamy relaxation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the overall effects of cannabis consumption?

<p>The method of cannabis consumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the symptoms of acute poisoning?

<p>Tremors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the observation for the Scott Test?

<p>Blue color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chronic effect of cocainism?

<p>Dementia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of crystals appear in the Gold Chloride Test?

<p>Delicate rosette or long rod shaped crystals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of preparation for charas?

<p>Hand-rubbing flowering tops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the HRf value of cocaine for the first solvent system in TLC?

<p>81 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hashish primarily created?

<p>By collecting and compressing resin glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main alkaloid present in opium?

<p>Morphine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method of consumption for hash oil?

<p>Used in vaporizers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reagent is Dragendorff's reagent used for in TLC?

<p>Acidic reagent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Magnan's syndrome involve?

<p>Tactile hallucinations with sensations of crawling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which effect is most commonly associated with charas due to its high THC content?

<p>Strong psychoactive effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which form is bhang primarily consumed?

<p>In oral beverages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of hash oil compared to other cannabis products?

<p>It is made using solvents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color range is typical for hashish?

<p>Light brown to black (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common method of consuming charas?

<p>Cooked into edibles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula of cocaine?

<p>C17H21NO4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the effects of cocaine?

<p>Cocaine serves as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fatal oral dose of cocaine?

<p>1.5 gm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cocaine differ from amphetamines in its mechanism of action?

<p>Cocaine prevents the re-uptake of neurotransmitters, causing prolonged effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of cocaine allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier easily?

<p>Both hydrophilic and lipophilic efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential serious consequence does cocaine exhibit compared to other CNS stimulants?

<p>Increased risk of overdose due to sodium channel effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is commonly used to prepare cocaine hydrochloride?

<p>Titration with hydrochloric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following alkaloids is NOT a pyrrolidine-type alkaloid?

<p>Cocaine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage range of morphine found in opium?

<p>10 - 20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following opioids is classified as a semisynthetic opioid?

<p>Heroin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common withdrawal symptom of opium consumption?

<p>Loss of appetite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fatal oral dose of morphine for adults?

<p>200-250mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with opium consumption?

<p>Rapid heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary constituent of opium linked to causing intense euphoria?

<p>Morphine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula of morphine?

<p>C17H19O3N (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of opioid is endorphins classified as?

<p>Natural opioids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of stimulants?

<p>Increased heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is classified as a stimulant?

<p>Caffeine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism do stimulants primarily utilize to enhance their effects?

<p>Acting on dopamine and norepinephrine pathways (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential effect of hallucinogens?

<p>Distorted reality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the primary use of narcotics?

<p>To relieve pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk associated with the use of depressants?

<p>Addiction and cardiovascular issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stimulant is commonly used to treat narcolepsy?

<p>Amphetamines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological side effect of hallucinogens?

<p>Flashbacks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Charas?

A potent cannabis resin made by rubbing the flowering tops of the cannabis plant.

What is Hash Oil?

A concentrated extract of cannabis made using solvents like butane or CO2.

What is Hash (Hashish)?

A type of cannabis resin made by collecting and compressing trichomes from the cannabis plant.

How is Bhang consumed?

A cannabis product that is typically consumed orally, often in beverages.

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How is Ganja consumed?

A cannabis product that is typically smoked, in the form of 'reefers' or cigarettes.

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How is Charas consumed?

A cannabis product that is typically smoked.

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What is 'Mode of Intake'?

Refers to the method by which cannabis products are ingested.

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Why is Charas considered potent?

A cannabis product known for its high THC content, which leads to strong psychoactive effects.

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Euphoria and Relaxation

Smoking cannabis can cause feelings of euphoria, relaxation, and a general sense of well-being.

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Altered Perception

Cannabis use can alter your perception of time, intensify your senses, and distort what you see and hear.

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Impaired Coordination and Motor Skills

Using cannabis can make you clumsy and slow your reaction time, making it hard to do tasks that require precision.

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Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Cannabis can temporarily increase your heart rate and blood pressure, which might cause palpitations and make you feel anxious or paranoid.

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Dry Mouth and Red Eyes

Cannabis use can lead to a dry mouth due to reduced saliva production. It can also make your eyes red and irritated.

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Increased Appetite

Cannabis users often experience an increased appetite, commonly known as 'the munchies'.

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Cannabis Hallucinations

Cannabis can cause hallucinations, particularly visual ones, where you might see colors and shapes that aren't real.

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Disorientation and Physical Effects

Cannabis use can lead to feelings of disorientation, confusion, and drowsiness. It can also make you feel unsteady and experience tremors or jerky movements.

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Pyrrolidine-type Alkaloids

A class of alkaloids found in plants like coca and tobacco, characterized by their pyrrolidine ring structure.

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Cocaine

A potent stimulant drug derived from the coca plant, known for its euphoric effects and addictive properties.

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Cocaine's Chemical Formula

The chemical formula of cocaine, indicating its composition of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

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Cocaine's Molecular Weight

The molecular weight of cocaine, a measure of its mass relative to a standard.

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Cocaine's Basicity

Cocaine's basic nature, with a pKa of 8.6, meaning it readily accepts protons.

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Cocaine Hydrochloride

The salt form of cocaine, created by reacting cocaine with hydrochloric acid, often used for pharmaceutical purposes.

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Cocaine's Blood Brain Barrier Crossing

Cocaine's ability to readily cross the blood-brain barrier, enabling rapid and potent effects on the central nervous system.

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Cocaine's Mechanism of Action

Cocaine's mechanism of action, blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

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Cocaine Poisoning Symptoms

Cocaine poisoning can cause various symptoms, including restlessness, dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, and in severe cases, seizures, coma, and death.

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Chronic Cocaine Effects

Chronic cocaine use leads to a decline in overall health, digestive issues, and potential damage to the nasal septum from snorting.

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Magnan's Syndrome

Magnan's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by hallucinations, particularly tactile hallucinations, where individuals feel crawling or creeping sensations on their skin.

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Scott Test

The Scott Test is a colorimetric test used to detect cocaine. It involves a series of reactions that produce a blue color in the presence of cocaine.

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Gold Chloride Test

The Gold Chloride Test is another test for cocaine. It produces a precipitate, often in the form of delicate rosette or rod-shaped crystals, when reacted with cocaine.

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TLC for Cocaine

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique used for separating and identifying compounds, including cocaine, based on their different affinities for stationary and mobile phases.

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What is Opium?

Opium, the dried sap of the poppy plant, contains various alkaloids, with morphine being the most abundant.

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What is the main alkaloid in opium?

Morphine is the most prevalent alkaloid in opium, responsible for its pain-relieving and euphoric effects.

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Stimulants

Drugs that increase brain activity and alertness, leading to effects like increased energy, focus, and wakefulness.

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Depressants

Drugs that slow down brain activity, inducing relaxation, sedation, and reduced anxiety.

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Narcotics

Drugs that relieve pain and induce euphoria by acting on opioid receptors in the brain.

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Hallucinogens

Drugs that alter perception, mood, and cognition, causing hallucinations and distorted reality.

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Cardiovascular Issues

A common side effect of stimulant use, characterized by increased heart rate and blood pressure.

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Respiratory Depression

A common side effect of depressant use, characterized by slowed breathing and potential respiratory failure.

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Drowsiness and Sedation

A common side effect of narcotic use, characterized by drowsiness and sedation.

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Hallucinations and Distorted Reality

A common side effect of hallucinogen use, characterized by distorted reality and visual or auditory hallucinations.

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Name some key alkaloids in opium.

Morphine, codeine, and thebaine are some of the main alkaloids found in opium, each having different properties and uses.

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What is heroin?

Heroin is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from morphine. It is highly addictive and dangerous, known for its intense euphoric effects.

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What are synthetic opioids?

Synthetic opioids, like fentanyl and methadone, are man-made compounds designed to mimic the effects of natural opioids.

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What are endogenous opioids?

Endogenous opioids, like endorphins, are naturally produced by the body and play a role in pain management and mood regulation.

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How does opium affect the body?

Opium consumption affects the central nervous system, causing a range of effects like pain relief, drowsiness, and altered states of mind.

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What are the consequences of long-term opium use?

Opium consumption can lead to dependence both physically and psychologically, meaning the body and mind crave the drug.

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What is morphine?

Morphine is a powerful opioid found in opium, known for its potent pain-relieving properties and its ability to induce sleep.

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Study Notes

Module 4: Drugs of Abuse

  • Drugs of abuse are classified in several ways, including by origin, nature, usage, active compound and mode of action.

Classification of Drugs of Abuse

  • Based on Origin:

    • Naturally occurring
    • Semi-synthetic
    • Synthetic
  • Based on Acidic/Basic Nature:

    • Acidic drugs
    • Basic drugs
  • Based on Usages:

    • Predator drugs
    • Club drugs
    • Human performance altering drugs
    • Inhalants
  • Based on Chemistry of Active Compound:

    • Alkaloid
    • Cannabinoids
    • Others
  • Based on Mode of Action:

    • Narcotics/Analgesics
    • Stimulants
    • Depressants
    • Hallucinogens
    • Anabolic Steroids

Classification by Schedules/Regulations

  • This classification system categorizes drugs based on their medical use, control on prescriptions, required security and potential for abuse and addiction.

Cannabis

  • Common names: hemp, marihuana, marijuana, pot, gandia, grass, chanvre etc.

  • Origin: Believed to originate from a Portuguese or Spanish word for intoxicating.

    • Present in the plant, Cannabis sativa, also known as hemp.
  • Commercial Value: Hemp is valuable for its fiber, which can be made into ropes, more than its marijuana use.

  • Active Constituent: Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

  • Active Constituents/Principles: Cannabinol, cannabidiol, Cannabidiolic acid, THC.

    • THC is the most potent psychoactive component.
    • Cannabinoids are not alkaloids.
  • Concentraton of THC: Varies in different parts of the cannabis plant - highest in resinous extract, then flowers, leaves, stems, and lowest in seeds.

  • Preparations:

    • Bhang (paste made from leaves and flowers with water or milk)
    • Ganja (dried leaves and flowers)
    • Charas (resin extracted from the plant)
    • Hashish oil (highly concentrated extract made using solvents)

Cocaine

  • Classification by Schedules/Regulations: See page 31.

  • Coca Alkaloids: Alkaloids found in coca plant (Erythroxyum coca) are either tropane or pyrrolidine types.

    • Major alkaloid: Cocaine (0.3-1.5%; avg. 0.8%)
  • Mechanism of Action: Cocaine blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters, specifically dopamine. It results in prolonged and intense effects.

  • Signs & Symptoms: Increased alertness, energy, euphoria, restlessness, insomnia; but also dangerous side effects such as anxiety, psychosis, and cardio-vascular risks.

Opioids

  • Types:

    • Natural: Opium (morphine, codeine, thebaine)
    • Semisynthetic: Heroin, hydromorphone (morphine) and oxycodone, etorphine (thebaine)
    • Synthetic: Fentanyl, methadone, pentazocine, meperidine
    • Endogenous: Endorphins
  • Opium (Morphine):

    • Chief constituent of opium.
    • Isolated in 1806.
    • 10-20% of all opium alkaloids.
    • Derived from the Greek god of dreams.
    • A phenanthrene alkaloid.

Forensic Analysis of Cannabis

  • Physical Examination: Identification based on morphological characteristics (color, texture, form) or chemical analysis of cannabinoids (THC, CBN, CBD)
  • Microscopic Examination: Identification of non-glandular hairs, fragments of plant material.
  • Colour tests: tests using specific chemicals and observing color changes to determine and differentiate different drug types.
  • TLC and GC: used for separating and quantifying drug compounds.

General Information on Drug Comparison

  • Stimulants: Increase brain activity, alertness, and energy. (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine)
  • Depressants: Slow down brain activity, reduce arousal. (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates)
  • Narcotics: Relieve pain and produce euphoria. (e.g., morphine, heroin, codeine)
  • Hallucinogens: Alter perception, mood, and cognition. (e.g., LSD, psilocybin, PCP)

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