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Questions and Answers
Which drug is used as adjunctive treatment of acute heart failure and oliguric renal failure?
Which drug is used as adjunctive treatment of acute heart failure and oliguric renal failure?
Which drug is known for producing increased cardiac output without causing arrhythmias or increasing heart rate?
Which drug is known for producing increased cardiac output without causing arrhythmias or increasing heart rate?
Which drug is contraindicated for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis in dogs?
Which drug is contraindicated for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis in dogs?
Which drug is used for AV insufficiency or dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs?
Which drug is used for AV insufficiency or dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs?
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Which drug class includes Na channel blockers like quinidine and procainamide?
Which drug class includes Na channel blockers like quinidine and procainamide?
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Which drug class includes beta-adrenergic blockers like propranolol and atenolol?
Which drug class includes beta-adrenergic blockers like propranolol and atenolol?
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Which drug is used for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs and cats?
Which drug is used for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs and cats?
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Which vasodilator drug is a combined vasodilator used for adjunctive treatment of congestive heart failure?
Which vasodilator drug is a combined vasodilator used for adjunctive treatment of congestive heart failure?
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Which vasodilator drug is an arteriolar dilator used to reduce afterload associated with congestive heart failure?
Which vasodilator drug is an arteriolar dilator used to reduce afterload associated with congestive heart failure?
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Which drug is the most important and efficacious diuretic for removing edema from animals with heart failure?
Which drug is the most important and efficacious diuretic for removing edema from animals with heart failure?
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What is the goal of dietary management of heart disease?
What is the goal of dietary management of heart disease?
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Which of the following is an ancillary treatment of heart failure?
Which of the following is an ancillary treatment of heart failure?
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What is the period of relaxation and filling of the heart called?
What is the period of relaxation and filling of the heart called?
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Which receptors are responsible for vessel constriction in the sympathetic nervous system?
Which receptors are responsible for vessel constriction in the sympathetic nervous system?
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What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)?
What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)?
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Which drug class is used to relieve fluid accumulation in cardiovascular disease?
Which drug class is used to relieve fluid accumulation in cardiovascular disease?
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What are the primary clinical uses of cardiac glycosides (digitalis)?
What are the primary clinical uses of cardiac glycosides (digitalis)?
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Which drug is the preferred choice for cardiac resuscitation?
Which drug is the preferred choice for cardiac resuscitation?
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What are the potential adverse side effects of digoxin?
What are the potential adverse side effects of digoxin?
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Which drugs are responsible for increasing the force and rate of contractions and constricting peripheral blood vessels?
Which drugs are responsible for increasing the force and rate of contractions and constricting peripheral blood vessels?
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Which mechanism is NOT a compensatory mechanism of the heart?
Which mechanism is NOT a compensatory mechanism of the heart?
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What is the period of contraction of the heart called?
What is the period of contraction of the heart called?
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Which receptors are responsible for vessel dilation in the sympathetic nervous system?
Which receptors are responsible for vessel dilation in the sympathetic nervous system?
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What is the primary action of catecholamines in the body?
What is the primary action of catecholamines in the body?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
- Dobutamine is used as an adjunctive treatment of acute heart failure and oliguric renal failure.
- Milrinone is known for producing increased cardiac output without causing arrhythmias or increasing heart rate.
- Inodilators (PDE III inhibitors) like milrinone are contraindicated for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis in dogs.
Cardiovascular Diseases in Dogs
- Pimobendan is used for AV insufficiency or dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs.
Anti-Arrhythmic Agents
- Class 1 anti-arrhythmic agents include Na channel blockers like quinidine and procainamide.
- Class 2 anti-arrhythmic agents include beta-adrenergic blockers like propranolol and atenolol.
Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
- Digoxin is used for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs and cats.
Vasodilators
- ACE inhibitors are combined vasodilators used for adjunctive treatment of congestive heart failure.
- Hydralazine is an arteriolar dilator used to reduce afterload associated with congestive heart failure.
Diuretics
- Furosemide is the most important and efficacious diuretic for removing edema from animals with heart failure.
Dietary Management
- The goal of dietary management of heart disease is to reduce sodium intake, caloric restrictions, and weight management.
Ancillary Treatment of Heart Failure
- Oxygen therapy is an ancillary treatment of heart failure.
Cardiac Cycle
- Diastole is the period of relaxation and filling of the heart.
- Systole is the period of contraction of the heart.
Sympathetic Nervous System
- Alpha-1 receptors are responsible for vessel constriction in the sympathetic nervous system.
- Beta-2 receptors are responsible for vessel dilation in the sympathetic nervous system.
Cardiac Output
- The formula for cardiac output (CO) is CO = HR × SV.
Diuretics in Cardiovascular Disease
- Loop diuretics like furosemide are used to relieve fluid accumulation in cardiovascular disease.
Cardiac Glycosides
- The primary clinical uses of cardiac glycosides (digitalis) are to increase cardiac contractility and reduce symptoms of heart failure.
Cardiac Resuscitation
- Epinephrine is the preferred choice for cardiac resuscitation.
Digoxin
- The potential adverse side effects of digoxin include gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypersensitivity reactions.
Catecholamines
- Catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine are responsible for increasing the force and rate of contractions and constricting peripheral blood vessels.
- The primary action of catecholamines in the body is to stimulate the "fight or flight" response.
Compensatory Mechanisms of the Heart
- The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a compensatory mechanism of the heart.
- The baroreceptor reflex is a compensatory mechanism of the heart.
- An increase in sympathetic tone is a compensatory mechanism of the heart.
- The reflex increase in heart rate is NOT a compensatory mechanism of the heart.
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Description
Test your knowledge of drugs used in treating cardiovascular system disorders in dogs with this quiz. Explore the anatomy and physiology of the canine heart and learn about the high incidence of heart disease in dogs. Understand the challenges of treating heart disease in dogs, including complications from poor liver and kidney function, as well as the use of drugs with a narrow margin of safety.
