24 Questions
Which drug is used as adjunctive treatment of acute heart failure and oliguric renal failure?
Dopamine
Which drug is known for producing increased cardiac output without causing arrhythmias or increasing heart rate?
Dobutamine
Which drug is contraindicated for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis in dogs?
Amrinone
Which drug is used for AV insufficiency or dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs?
Amrinone
Which drug class includes Na channel blockers like quinidine and procainamide?
Class IA
Which drug class includes beta-adrenergic blockers like propranolol and atenolol?
Class II
Which drug is used for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs and cats?
Diltiazem
Which vasodilator drug is a combined vasodilator used for adjunctive treatment of congestive heart failure?
Prazosin
Which vasodilator drug is an arteriolar dilator used to reduce afterload associated with congestive heart failure?
Hydralazine
Which drug is the most important and efficacious diuretic for removing edema from animals with heart failure?
Furosemide
What is the goal of dietary management of heart disease?
Sodium restriction
Which of the following is an ancillary treatment of heart failure?
Bronchodilators
What is the period of relaxation and filling of the heart called?
Diastole
Which receptors are responsible for vessel constriction in the sympathetic nervous system?
Alpha-1 receptors
What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)?
$CO = SV \times HR$
Which drug class is used to relieve fluid accumulation in cardiovascular disease?
Diuretics
What are the primary clinical uses of cardiac glycosides (digitalis)?
CHF, Atrial fibrillation, Supraventricular tachycardia
Which drug is the preferred choice for cardiac resuscitation?
Epinephrine
What are the potential adverse side effects of digoxin?
Anorexia, Vomiting/Diarrhea, Arrhythmias
Which drugs are responsible for increasing the force and rate of contractions and constricting peripheral blood vessels?
Cardiac glycosides
Which mechanism is NOT a compensatory mechanism of the heart?
Decreasing the efficiency of the heart muscle
What is the period of contraction of the heart called?
Systole
Which receptors are responsible for vessel dilation in the sympathetic nervous system?
Beta-2 receptors
What is the primary action of catecholamines in the body?
Increase force and rate of contractions
Study Notes
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
- Dobutamine is used as an adjunctive treatment of acute heart failure and oliguric renal failure.
- Milrinone is known for producing increased cardiac output without causing arrhythmias or increasing heart rate.
- Inodilators (PDE III inhibitors) like milrinone are contraindicated for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis in dogs.
Cardiovascular Diseases in Dogs
- Pimobendan is used for AV insufficiency or dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs.
Anti-Arrhythmic Agents
- Class 1 anti-arrhythmic agents include Na channel blockers like quinidine and procainamide.
- Class 2 anti-arrhythmic agents include beta-adrenergic blockers like propranolol and atenolol.
Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
- Digoxin is used for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs and cats.
Vasodilators
- ACE inhibitors are combined vasodilators used for adjunctive treatment of congestive heart failure.
- Hydralazine is an arteriolar dilator used to reduce afterload associated with congestive heart failure.
Diuretics
- Furosemide is the most important and efficacious diuretic for removing edema from animals with heart failure.
Dietary Management
- The goal of dietary management of heart disease is to reduce sodium intake, caloric restrictions, and weight management.
Ancillary Treatment of Heart Failure
- Oxygen therapy is an ancillary treatment of heart failure.
Cardiac Cycle
- Diastole is the period of relaxation and filling of the heart.
- Systole is the period of contraction of the heart.
Sympathetic Nervous System
- Alpha-1 receptors are responsible for vessel constriction in the sympathetic nervous system.
- Beta-2 receptors are responsible for vessel dilation in the sympathetic nervous system.
Cardiac Output
- The formula for cardiac output (CO) is CO = HR × SV.
Diuretics in Cardiovascular Disease
- Loop diuretics like furosemide are used to relieve fluid accumulation in cardiovascular disease.
Cardiac Glycosides
- The primary clinical uses of cardiac glycosides (digitalis) are to increase cardiac contractility and reduce symptoms of heart failure.
Cardiac Resuscitation
- Epinephrine is the preferred choice for cardiac resuscitation.
Digoxin
- The potential adverse side effects of digoxin include gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypersensitivity reactions.
Catecholamines
- Catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine are responsible for increasing the force and rate of contractions and constricting peripheral blood vessels.
- The primary action of catecholamines in the body is to stimulate the "fight or flight" response.
Compensatory Mechanisms of the Heart
- The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a compensatory mechanism of the heart.
- The baroreceptor reflex is a compensatory mechanism of the heart.
- An increase in sympathetic tone is a compensatory mechanism of the heart.
- The reflex increase in heart rate is NOT a compensatory mechanism of the heart.
Test your knowledge of drugs used in treating cardiovascular system disorders in dogs with this quiz. Explore the anatomy and physiology of the canine heart and learn about the high incidence of heart disease in dogs. Understand the challenges of treating heart disease in dogs, including complications from poor liver and kidney function, as well as the use of drugs with a narrow margin of safety.
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