Cancer Treatment and Mitosis Quiz

The first stage of mitosis where the nucleus condenses, chromosomes become visible, and spindle fibers start to form.

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, attached to spindle fibers through their centromeres.

The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, pulled by spindle fibers.

The final stage of mitosis where two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes, and the cell begins to divide into two daughter cells.

The region where sister chromatids of a chromosome connect.

Cells that are not involved in sexual reproduction. They are responsible for growth and repair in a multicellular organism.

The process that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Mitosis ensures that each new cell has the same number and type of chromosomes as the original cell. This maintains genetic consistency.

The process that ensures that the chromosomes in the parent cell are duplicated and distributed equally to the daughter cells.

Mitosis is crucial for growth and repair. When you cut yourself, mitosis helps heal the wound.

Drugs that block the formation of microtubules, preventing cell division.

A type of mitotic inhibitor that works by disrupting the assembly of microtubules, which are essential for cell division.

A type of mitotic inhibitor that works by preventing microtubule assembly, preventing cell division.

A taxane drug used to treat various cancers, including lung, ovarian, breast, and Kaposi's sarcoma.

A vinca alkaloid drug used to treat various cancers, including lymphoma, breast, lung, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Antimetabolites that structurally resemble pyrimidine bases, crucial components in DNA and RNA.

A pyrimidine analogue used to treat different cancers, including colorectal and pancreatic cancers. It inhibits thymidylate synthase, an enzyme essential for DNA synthesis.

A nucleoside analogue, meaning it includes a sugar molecule attached to a pyrimidine base, in this case, deoxycytidine. Fluorine atoms replace hydrogen atoms on the sugar component. Used to treat various cancers, including lung, pancreatic, bladder, and breast cancers.

A key component of DNA and RNA.

A type of molecule that inhibits the normal functioning of enzymes involved in key metabolic pathways. They disrupt the pathways by mimicking the structure of essential molecules.

Process of cell division that produces gametes (eggs and sperm) through two rounds of division resulting in four haploid cells.

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Meiosis I, resulting in increased genetic diversity.

Chromosomes containing the same genes, one from each parent, that pair up during Meiosis I.

The process of division where homologous chromosomes separate, producing two haploid cells.

The process of division where sister chromatids (replicated copies of a chromosome) separate, producing four haploid cells.

A type of drug that interferes with DNA replication by attaching to DNA strands, preventing further synthesis.

A group of alkylating agents that were initially used as chemical warfare agents but are now commonly used in cancer treatment.

A specific type of alkylating agent used in cancer treatments.

A group of drugs containing platinum that exhibit alkylating-like behavior, interfering with DNA replication.

A specific platinum containing agent commonly used in cancer treatments.

Independent assortment is a process that happens during meiosis where homologous chromosomes randomly separate during the first division. This random separation contributes to genetic diversity, as each daughter cell receives a unique combination of parental chromosomes.

The centromere is a specialized region of the chromosome where sister chromatids are attached during cell division. It is involved in the separation of chromosomes during both mitosis and meiosis.

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

The process where homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells during meiosis I.

The creation of new combinations of genes on each chromosome resulting from crossing over.

The union of gametes, leading to the combination of genetic material from two parents.

The process of sexual reproduction contributes to genetic variation by combining genetic material from two parents through crossing over, independent alignment, and fertilization.

The process of independent alignment during metaphase I of meiosis leads to a random combination of chromosomes in each daughter cell. Each daughter cell receives a unique mix of chromosomes from the parent cell.

If a cell has three pairs of chromosomes, there are eight possible unique combinations of chromosomes that could end up in the daughter cells after meiosis.

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, the number of possible combinations of chromosomes in the daughter cells from meiosis is astronomically large. Specifically, there are 2^23 possible combinations, which is roughly 8.4 million.

The random assortment of chromosomes during independent alignment is a key factor in generating genetic diversity. Offspring inherit a unique combination of chromosomes from their parents, contributing to the variation within a species and ensuring that individuals are rarely identical.