Molecular bio of cancer Quiz 1
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Questions and Answers

What are the three major categories of 'cancer genes'?

  • Proto-oncogenes, mutator genes, apoptosis genes
  • Immune response genes, metabolic genes, differentiation genes
  • Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes (correct)
  • Metastasis genes, angiogenesis genes, cell cycle genes
  • What is the central importance of the p53 gene product in cancer genetics?

  • Regulation of cell cycle and initiation of apoptosis (correct)
  • Inhibition of DNA repair and mutagenesis
  • Promotion of angiogenesis and metastasis
  • Regulation of telomerase activity and cellular senescence
  • How do the following cancer genes deregulate cell growth and differentiation: APC, p53, & NF1?

  • APC inhibits Wnt signaling, p53 regulates cell cycle, NF1 regulates Ras signaling (correct)
  • APC induces apoptosis, p53 activates DNA repair, NF1 promotes cell cycle progression
  • APC activates telomerase, p53 promotes metastasis, NF1 inhibits DNA repair
  • APC promotes angiogenesis, p53 inhibits cell adhesion, NF1 inhibits apoptosis
  • What is the function of telomerase in cancer?

    <p>Maintaining telomere length to enable unlimited cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the p53 protein?

    <p>Inhibiting cell cycle and directing damaged cells to undergo apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genes enhance cell proliferation when activated?

    <p>Oncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cyclins in cell cycle regulation?

    <p>Stimulating change from one stage to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins can inactivate the complex formed by cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins?

    <p>Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which Ras becomes an oncogenic protein?

    <p>Ras remains bound to GAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene product is centrally important in cancer genetics?

    <p>p53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomerase in cancer?

    <p>Preventing telomere shortening in rapidly dividing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are modified or expressed inappropriately in the context of cancer genetics?

    <p>Proto-oncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of DNA repair genes in cancer?

    <p>Preventing mutations and maintaining genome integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule can bind to a growth factor receptor and signal without the ligand being bound?

    <p>G-proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the CKI protein p21 in cancer genetics?

    <p>Inhibiting cell cycle progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the genome?

    <p>BRCA1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are involved in integrating both apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals in cells?

    <p>Bcl-2 family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomerase in cells?

    <p>Preventing senescence and limiting cell divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is induced by growth factor withdrawal, cell injury, or high intracellular calcium?

    <p>Mitochondrial integrity pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for inhibiting its co-receptor smoothened?

    <p>Patched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of p53 in relation to apoptosis?

    <p>Inducing transcription of p21 Tumor Suppressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein family are cysteine proteases that are activated from zymogens by proteolysis?

    <p>Caspases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of loss of NF-1 (Neurofibromin, a GAP)?

    <p>Neurofibromatosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway involves Fas/CD95, TNF1, and Death Receptor 3?

    <p>Death receptor pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may make cancer cells resistant to apoptosis?

    <p>Mutations in oncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of telomerase in relation to cell proliferation?

    <p>Enhancing cell proliferation by maintaining chromosome ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are involved in hormone and growth factor signaling pathways?

    <p>p21 Tumor Suppressors and Ras family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of dysregulation of normal functions in cancer progression?

    <p>Enhanced cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cancer Genetics and Apoptosis Overview

    • p53 induces transcription of p21 Tumor Suppressors and Ras family, involved in hormone and growth factor signaling pathways
    • Loss of NF-1 (Neurofibromin, a GAP) leads to neurofibromatosis
    • Tumor suppressors and oncogenes can work together normally, e.g., Patched inhibits its co-receptor smoothened
    • Telomerase maintains telomere length to prevent senescence and limit cell divisions
    • Apoptosis is programmed cell death, removing damaged cells through two pathways: death receptor and mitochondrial integrity
    • Caspases are cysteine proteases that are activated from zymogens by proteolysis
    • Bcl-2 family of proteins integrate both apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals in cells
    • Death receptor pathway involves Fas/CD95, TNF1, and Death Receptor 3, leading to caspase activation
    • Mitochondrial integrity pathway is induced by growth factor withdrawal, cell injury, or high intracellular calcium
    • Mutations in oncogenes may make cancer cells resistant to apoptosis, such as the PDGF/Akt/BAD pathway
    • Dysregulation of normal functions is key to cancer progression, with genes mutated in cancer being categorized as oncogenes, tumor suppressors, or DNA repair
    • Cell cycle control requires normal function of tumor suppressors and oncogenes, while telomerase can enhance cell proliferation by maintaining chromosome ends

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cancer genetics and apoptosis with this comprehensive overview. Explore key concepts such as p53, NF-1, telomerase, apoptosis pathways, caspases, Bcl-2 family, death receptor pathway, mitochondrial integrity pathway, and the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressors in cancer progression.

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