Cancer Detection and Treatment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following methods is least likely to be effective for early cancer detection?

  • Yearly physical and blood examination
  • Annual Pap smear for sexually active women only
  • Annual digital rectal examination for persons over age 40
  • Annual chest x-ray (correct)

What surgical procedure involves the removal of the entire breast and associated muscles?

  • Modified radical mastectomy (correct)
  • Halstead surgery
  • Radiation therapy
  • Simple mastectomy

What does the 'N' in the TNM staging system for neoplasms stand for?

  • Neoplasm
  • Node (correct)
  • Nature
  • Time

Which of the following is considered a warning sign of cancer?

<p>Presence of dry cough (A), Sudden weight loss of unexplained etiology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemotherapy should be avoided in which of the following conditions?

<p>Severe infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does TNM stand for in the context of cancer staging?

<p>Tumor, node, metastasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common risk factor for laryngeal cancer?

<p>Cigarette smoking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding warning signs of cancer?

<p>A sore that heals slowly may indicate cancer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding would the nurse expect in a client with Hodgkin’s disease?

<p>Enlarged lymph nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which choice correctly describes another term for a mastectomy that removes all breast tissue and lymph nodes?

<p>Radical mastectomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client receiving radiation therapy for bladder cancer reports feeling as if she is voiding through the vagina. This may indicate:

<p>The development of a vesicovaginal fistula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering allopurinol to a client receiving Myleran?

<p>To prevent hyperuricemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action related to handling Cytoxan should be corrected?

<p>Air bubbles should be expelled on wet cotton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with malignant tumors?

<p>Encapsulated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is least likely related to radiation therapy side effects?

<p>Increased appetite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential complication should be monitored in a client undergoing radiation therapy for bladder cancer?

<p>Development of a vesicovaginal fistula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of cancer is classified as metastatic cancer, indicating that it has spread beyond its original site?

<p>Stage IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limited time for client contact during radiation therapy to promote safety for personnel?

<p>1 minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) poses the serious side effect of:

<p>Hemorrhagic cystitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client receiving chemotherapy expresses understanding of potential therapy effects by stating:

<p>I should notify the physician immediately if a urine color change is observed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cytarabine (Ara-C) may cause a syndrome characterized by all of the following symptoms except:

<p>Chest pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage is a breast cancer patient with a tumor size up to 5 cm and axillary and neck lymph node involvement?

<p>Stage III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common fatal side effect of Cyclophosphamide?

<p>Hemorrhagic cystitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statement 'I should notify the physician immediately if a urine color change is observed' indicates what?

<p>Awareness of potential side effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that teaching regarding pain management has been effective for the patient with cancer?

<p>Takes opioids around the clock on a regular schedule and uses additional doses when breakthrough pain occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the bone marrow transplant procedure is likely correct?

<p>The transplant procedure takes place in a sterile operating room to minimize the risk for infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diet choice indicates effective teaching for a patient with cancer of the liver?

<p>Grilled chicken with vegetables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

<p>To stimulate the body’s immune response against cancer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about opioids for cancer pain management?

<p>Only high doses of opioids are effective for all patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected requirement following a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)?

<p>Hospitalization for several weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the pain management strategy for patients who experience a 10/10 during cancer treatment?

<p>Utilize opioid pain medications on a fixed schedule with as-needed doses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary approach should be recommended for a patient undergoing treatment for liver cancer?

<p>A high-protein, high-calorie diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if a tumor has moderately differentiated cells?

<p>Grade II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category in the TNM system represents the primary tumor?

<p>Tumor (primary) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about tumor staging is incorrect?

<p>Staging only identifies the size of the tumor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what size do chest x-rays typically detect cancer?

<p>When tumors are a half-inch in size or larger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the category 'N' in the TNM system stand for?

<p>Nodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the grading systems of cancers?

<p>Some cancers have unique grading systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the nurse stress to a community group about cancer prevention?

<p>Exercise, normal body weight, and a low-fat diet are important (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'M' category in the TNM system provide information about?

<p>If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the criteria for a patient to be deemed as cured from cancer?

<p>Cancer can never be considered cured, only controlled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk of cancer, as suggested in the content?

<p>Obesity and lack of exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In radiation therapy, which statement about promoting skin integrity is least appropriate?

<p>Avoiding the use of ointments, powders, and lotion to the area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected outcome following the debulking procedure for a stomach tumor attached to the liver?

<p>Reduction in tumor size without eliminating cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The TNM system helps determine which aspects of cancer?

<p>Location, size of the tumor, and spread to lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the patient need to understand about cancer follow-up care?

<p>Frequent follow-up examinations are required (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about cancer treatment outcomes?

<p>Surgical removal guarantees a cure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about dietary factors is emphasized in cancer prevention?

<p>Low-fat dietary choices can help in prevention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hodgkin's Disease: Key Symptom

Enlarged lymph nodes are a hallmark sign of Hodgkin's disease, a type of lymphoma.

Radiation Therapy Side Effect

Radiation therapy can cause tissue damage, leading to a vesicovaginal fistula, a connection between the bladder and vagina.

Allopurinol's Purpose

Allopurinol is given to leukemia patients to prevent hyperuricemia, a buildup of uric acid in the blood.

Laryngeal Cancer: Common Risk Factor

Cigarette smoking is the most common risk factor for laryngeal cancer, a type of cancer in the voice box.

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Benign vs. Malignant: Key Difference

Malignant tumors are cancerous, invade surrounding tissues, and can spread to distant sites (metastasis).

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Safe Handling of Cytoxan

Venting vials after mixing Cytoxan is essential to avoid exposure to the toxic drug.

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Bowel Sounds: Assessing

Bowel sounds indicate normal intestinal activity. The nurse would listen to the client's abdomen to assess this.

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Incision Appearance: Assessing

The nurse examines the incision site to assess for signs of wound healing, infection, or other complications.

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Early Cancer Detection

Finding cancer in its earliest stages, when it's often easier to treat successfully.

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Warning Sign of Cancer

A symptom or change in your body that could indicate the presence of cancer.

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Modified Radical Mastectomy

A surgery to remove the entire breast, nearby lymph nodes, and some chest muscles.

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Chemotherapy Contraindication

A specific condition that makes chemotherapy unsafe or ineffective for a patient.

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TNM System

A method used to classify and stage tumors based on size, lymph node involvement, and spread.

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Tumor (T)

The size and extent of the primary tumor.

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Node (N)

The extent of cancer spread to nearby lymph nodes.

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Metastasis (M)

Whether the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.

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Opioid use for chronic pain

Opioids should be taken around the clock on a regular schedule, with additional doses for breakthrough pain.

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Bone marrow transplant

Donor bone marrow cells are transplanted after chemotherapy to replace damaged cells and fight leukemia.

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Sterile environment for transplant

The bone marrow transplant procedure takes place in a sterile environment to minimize the risk of infection.

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High-calorie, High-protein diet for Liver Cancer

A high-calorie, high-protein diet is recommended for patients with liver cancer to maintain energy and fight malnutrition.

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Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is used as adjuvant therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma to stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells.

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Pain Management Education

Effective pain management teaching includes understanding the use of opioids, non-opioid analgesics, and breakthrough pain management.

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Non-opioid analgesics

Non-opioid analgesics can be used when the maximum dose of the opioid is reached without sufficient pain relief.

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Breakthrough Pain

Breakthrough pain is a sudden increase in pain that occurs even when the patient is taking regular pain medication.

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Metastatic Cancer

Cancer that has spread from its original location to other parts of the body.

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Stage IV Cancer

The most advanced stage of cancer, indicating the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.

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Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Side Effect

Hemorrhagic cystitis (inflammation of the bladder with bleeding) is a life-threatening side effect of Cyclophosphamide.

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Cytarabine Syndrome

A group of symptoms associated with Cytarabine chemotherapy, including fever, muscle aches, and chest pain.

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Breast Cancer Stage II

Breast cancer stage II is characterized by a tumor size up to 5 cm with axillary and neck lymph node involvement.

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Chemotherapy Side Effect

Chemotherapy can affect the urinary system. Notify your doctor immediately if you notice a change in urine color.

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Radiation Therapy Safety

Contact with a client receiving radiation therapy should be limited to 3 minutes or less for personnel safety.

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Radiation Therapy Precautions

Safety precautions are necessary during the entire radiation therapy process, not just during the actual irradiation.

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Tumor Grade

Describes how much the cancer cells resemble normal cells. Lower grades (I & II) resemble normal cells more closely and tend to grow slower. Higher grades (III & IV) resemble normal cells less and tend to grow more aggressively.

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What does 'T' stand for in TNM?

Tumor, referring to the primary tumor's size and location. It describes the extent of the primary tumor's growth.

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What does 'N' stand for in TNM?

Nodes, referring to the involvement of lymph nodes. It describes whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.

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What does 'M' stand for in TNM?

Metastasis, referring to the spread of cancer to distant locations. It describes whether the cancer has spread to other organs and how extensively.

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Staging vs. Grading

Staging and grading are used to describe cancer. Staging (TNM) describes the extent of how far the disease has spread, while grading defines how aggressive the cancer cells are based on their appearance.

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Incorrect Statement about Tumor Staging

Tumor staging does not determine a patient's eligibility for clinical trials.

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Skin Care during Radiation Therapy

Avoid ointments, powders, and lotions on the treated area during radiation therapy.

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Cancer Prevention Strategies

Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and consuming a low-fat diet are important strategies for lowering cancer risk. These lifestyle choices can help prevent the growth of cancer cells.

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Cancer Curing

A cancer diagnosis doesn't mean it's an immediate death sentence. While there's no universal cure, ongoing surveillance, treatments, and managing the disease contribute to prolonging life and improving quality of life. It's a journey with ongoing monitoring.

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Debulking Procedure

A debulking procedure aims to reduce the size of a tumor, especially large ones, but doesn't always completely remove it. It aims to improve symptoms and make other treatments easier.

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Family History & Colon Cancer

Having a family history of colon cancer increases your risk. Regular screenings, like a sigmoidoscopy, are important for early detection.

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Cancer Biopsy & Survival

A biopsy determines the type of cancer and its stage, providing crucial information about prognosis (expected outcome) and treatment options.

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Chest X-rays & Cancer

Frequent x-rays can damage the lungs and increase the risk of cancer. It's a potential side effect, though the benefit of necessary imaging outweighs the risk in most cases.

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Cancer Recurrence & Recovery

Cancer is considered 'in remission' when signs disappear. It's not necessarily 'cured', but it's manageable. Regular monitoring is crucial to detect any recurrence.

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Study Notes

Breast Self-Exam Timing

  • Best time is 7-10 days after menstruation
  • Not 1st day of bleeding every 6 months
  • Not same time each day
  • Not ovulation day

Testicular Cancer Prevention

  • Best time for self-exam is after a shower
  • Testicle should feel firm, not hard
  • Minor lumps/swelling common due to monthly hormone changes
  • Monthly self-exams are not recommended.

Radiation Source Patient Assignment

  • Rotate staff, assign a nurse who has not cared for the patient previously
  • Assign same nurse who cared for the patient yesterday
  • No special staffing restrictions for sealed radiation
  • Decide to assign one nurse to care for all patients on sealed radiation to provide continuous care

Leukemia Patient Nadir

  • Greatest risk of bleeding, platelet count can drop to 50,000 or less
  • Not at greatest risk for blood clots, platelet count can't exceed 500,000
  • Not at risk for stroke
  • Not necessarily in reverse isolation

Leukemia Patient Clinical Presentation

  • Decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets; elevated/normal white blood cells with enlarged lymph nodes
  • Not elevated hemoglobin, hematocrit, decreased platelets, decreased white blood cells; bradycardia
  • Not normal hemoglobin, hematocrit, normal platelets, increased white blood cells
  • Not decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, increased platelets, elevated white blood cells

Hodgkin's Disease Misconception

  • Doesn't always present with bone pain in ribs, spine, pelvis
  • Reed-Stenberg cells are present in the lymph nodes
  • Positive CT scan of liver and spleen possible
  • Positive biopsy of lymph nodes, often cervical nodes, is essential for diagnosis

Multiple Myeloma Nursing Interventions

  • Encourage at least 2 liters of fluids daily
  • Support skeletal strength during movement
  • Discuss infertility issues with patient if relevant
  • Assist with coughing, deep breathing exercises
  • Administer antiembolic stockings as prescribed

Cervical Cancer Risk Factors

  • 21-year-old with first sexual partner at age 14 and 10 or more partners
  • 60-year-old with syphilis and smoking
  • 32-year-old in a monogamous relationship who declined HPV vaccine
  • None of the patients are at risk for cervical cancer.

Breast Cancer Assessment

  • Masses usually felt in the upper outer quadrant beneath the nipple or in the axilla.
  • Women with late menarche and early menopause are at risk.
  • Nipple retraction can be a characteristic.
  • Masses are typically not painful or red.

Client Pain Assessment

  • Client's pain rating
  • Client's nonverbal cues
  • Pain relief after nursing intervention

Postoperative Pelvic Exenteration Diet Changes

  • Prioritize assessment of urine specific gravity
  • Assess bowel sounds
  • Assess incision appearance

Hodgkin's Disease Assessment

  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • Weight gain
  • Enlarged lymph nodes

Advanced Ovarian Cancer Symptoms

  • Abdominal distention
  • Not abdominal bleeding, diarrhea, hypermenorrhea

Bone Cancer Classification

  • Sarcoma

Ovarian Cancer Client Coping

  • Bargaining (e.g., willing to trade death for a time to see daughter graduate)

Laryngeal Cancer Risk Factors

  • Alcohol abuse
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Chewing tobacco use
  • Exposure to air pollutants

Bladder Cancer Radiation Therapy Side Effects

  • Altered perineal sensation
  • Vesicovaginal fistula

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