Questions and Answers
What is cancer?
A group of more than 100 different diseases characterized by uncontrolled, abnormal cell growth
How are cancer cells usually formed?
As a consequence of genetic alterations
What are the major classes of cancer characterized by?
Multiple genetic abnormalities leading to loss of control of cell proliferation and differentiation
What are the hallmarks of cancer according to Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg?
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What is the distinguishing feature between benign and malignant tumors?
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Study Notes
What is Cancer?
- Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Cancer Cell Formation
- Cancer cells are usually formed when a cell's DNA is damaged, and the cell's normal regulation of growth is disrupted.
Major Classes of Cancer
- The major classes of cancer are: Carcinomas, Sarcomas, Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Adenocarcinomas.
- Carcinomas arise from epithelial cells, which form the lining of organs and glands.
- Sarcomas arise from connective tissue cells, such as bone, cartilage, and fat.
- Leukemias arise from blood cells.
- Lymphomas arise from immune cells.
- Adenocarcinomas arise from glandular cells.
Hallmarks of Cancer
- According to Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg, the hallmarks of cancer are: 1) sustaining proliferative signaling, 2) evading growth suppressors, 3) activating invasion and metastasis, 4) enabling replicative immortality, 5) inducing angiogenesis, and 6) reprogramming energy metabolism.
Benign and Malignant Tumors
- The distinguishing feature between benign and malignant tumors is their ability to invade and metastasize to other parts of the body.
- Benign tumors do not invade or metastasize, while malignant tumors do, and can lead to serious illness and death.
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